Compare and Contrast: Hunger Games

Dystopian literature is when the world is focused on making the perfect world. They often have a small percent of people making the perfect race or often known as the â€Å"favorites†, and the rest of the population, often a majority of people, are left to survive by themselves, on the bottom of the barrel.In The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and the movie Gattaca are both dystopian media. In tough times both the rich and poor come together to fight through what the government set out to say wouldn’t happen, in both medias. In both dystopian medias Hunger Games and Gattaca want a perfect world. They are both similar; both types of governments want to disclude the non-perfect race.People from Panam and Gattaca are nice, for example Cinna in Hunger Games and The Doctor in Gattaca; therefore, The Hunger Games and Gattaca are similar dystopian medias. In both the Hunger Games and Gattaca in tough times the rich and poor come together to help each other.In the Hunger Games Katniss made friends with Cinna from the capitol. This happened because she seen the shape that Katniss was in when she got to the training center. I think Cinna really did care and didn’t want to just boost Katniss’s confidence. I think Katniss seen how rough it was in district twelve and thought she could help Katniss.Cinna over passed the fact that she was from the capitol, to go out of her way to make sure Katniss was to the best of her health entering the games. I think Cinna helped to comfort Katniss by doing â€Å"GIRLY† things to her by doing her hair hanging out, to help Katniss take her mind off dying or back home.This was similar to Gattaca because when Vince had the lifelong goal to get to space. The Doctor help him pass him fake I.D. Then Jerome who got injured out of the country let him take his I.D. to help him get there even though his heart wasn’t capable of going to Gattaca. Therefore, I Think the Doctor and Jerome seen that Vince could go but had to get passed the government who wouldn’t let the non-perfect people through.This is why in tough times know matter where you come from, rich or poor, people come together to help one another. In The Hunger Games and Gattaca the governments are to make the perfect world. The governments are out to disclude people. The government in Gattaca doesn’t treat everyone equal. If you have any little disease or personality that differs you from the rest of the population. Like Jerome he has a heart defect he has to change his identity to accomplish, his lifelong goal, of going to space. The Doctor help Jerome get through the government to get  into space.The Doctor does this because; he himself has a child with a defect as well. In the Hunger Games the government chooses two tributes to compete in the Hunger Games. They pick two from every district and never any from the capitol.The people in the capitol are rich. And some districts are better off than other distr icts. Like for example district 12 is very poor and they starve to supply the capitol with coal. And the capitol that are rich, fed, heat, and are healthy do nothing. The people in the capitol are usually born perfect and get to live there. But the people in the districts get treated like dirt by the capitol. They fend for their life with no food and little heat and electricity.Therefore this is why both dystopian literatures are very similar. Another similarity is that in both dystopian stories people in the capitol or Gattaca come together with people in poorer areas. Like districts in Hunger Games and the defected births in Gattaca.They see that even though they are different they can still accomplish what the perfect people can. Like in Gattaca when Vince gets help from the guy that got injured but no one knows where he went so Jerome helped Vince to take his identity. He did this because he seen that Vince was just as intelligent as him. And he was already over the limit of whe n he was going to die. After he got his identity changed from a â€Å"defect† to a perfect person he got Jeromes DNA.Then he went through to Gattaca and a The Dcotor let him through. The doctor let Vince whom was now disguised as Jerome through. He did this because the Doctor also had a child with a heart defect. And the Doctor wanted to use this as an example that you can do anything in life even if you are different. In the Hunger Games it is the same too when Cinna from the capitol makes friends with Katniss and gives her a sense of comfort. Cinna does this to take katniss’s mind of the games and from being away from home.Cinna comforts Katniss by doing girly things like doing her hair and hanging out. This is another example in how the understanding nice people come together even though people are different. This is another example on how the people come together when they see even if they are different, they can do what anyone can.

Great Expectations The Novel By Charles Dickens English Literature Essay

Devils shows his composing ability as he develops a secret plan, filled with surprises and events, that contributes to the subject that worlds are all connected in humanity. In the gap scene, on Christmas Eve, Pip encounters an at large inmate at a cemetery. Pip describes him as â€Å" a fearful adult male, all in coarse Grey, with a great Fe on his leg † ( 2 ) . Magwitch, the inmate, had escaped from a prison ship. He threatens Pip and demands a file and some nutrient, and frightened Pip brings them to him the following twenty-four hours. â€Å" You get me a file. And you get me wittles † ( 3 ) . The inmate and another runaway are so arrested and sent back to the ship. Pip develops an human bond with the inmate and identifies with him because he was a condemnable for stealing and besides because he had fed him. Pip calls him as â€Å" my fleeting friend † ( 18 ) . At this phase in the novel, the secret plan of the fresh relies on Pip ‘s ability to keep thi s early event. Besides, a careful reader would detect that the secret plan ne'er indicated that the inmate had been taken out of the narrative. â€Å" The last I heard of him, I stopped in the mist to listen, and the file was still traveling † ( 18 ) . The beginning of the secret plan proves the development of the subject of human nexus. After the debut, when the narrative starts to develop, Pip ‘s uncle Pumblechook sends Pip to Miss Havisham ‘s place, the Satis House. Miss Havisham is a unusual and reserved adult female who lives with her adoptive girl, Estella. The Satis House looks the same as it did many old ages ago, when, on her nuptials twenty-four hours, Miss Havisham was abandoned at the communion table by her lover. â€Å" But, I saw that everything within my position which ought to be white, had been white long ago, and had lost it lustre, and was faded and xanthous. I saw that the bride within the espousal frock had withered like the frock, and like the flowers, and had no brightness left but the brightness of her deep-set eyes † ( 53 ) . As he spends more clip with these two characters, Pip starts to fall in love with Estella, who ridicules Pip for being a blacksmith ‘s male child. Then comes along Miss Havisham ‘s attorney, Mr. Jaggers, who tells Pip that an unknown indivi dual is paying for Pip to travel to London and unrecorded life as a gentleman. Pip assumes that the helper is Miss Havisham, and that she is seeking to do him worthy of Estella. â€Å" Henceforth, I was for London and illustriousness — non for Smith ‘s work in general and for you! I made my exulting manner to the old battery, and lying down at that place to see the inquiry whether Miss Havisham intended me for Estella † ( 138 ) . In this portion of the novel, â€Å" the characters in the novel acknowledge their human family with all the people irrespective of category or fortunes † ( Glancy ) . The secret plan is successful to demo us that regardless of societal category humanity has a connexion. While life in London as a gentleman, Pip tries to maintain distance from Joe and the other common mans. He does return to his place to go to his sister ‘s funeral, but otherwise avoids Joe. As the stoping of the 2nd phase comes nearer, Magwitch, the inmate who met Pip at the fens, returns to Pip ‘s life. With his return, the subject of interrelatedness reappears. Mr. Jaggers so reveals to Shoot that Magwitch is his existent helper. â€Å" I have been informed by a individual named Abel Magwitch that he is the helper so long unknown to me † ( 311 ) . At first Pip is frightened, particularly from the fact that Magwitch is a condemnable and might be caught. As Pip starts caring for Magwitch and supplying him with shelter and nutrient, Pip develops an unidentified relationship with him. Pip besides receives the information that Compeyson, Magwitch ‘s enemy and one time spouse in offense, was the 1 who left Miss Havisham at the communion table and that Molly, Mr. Jaggers ‘s retainer, and Magwitch are the parents of Estella. â€Å" And the adult male we have in concealing down the river is Estella ‘s male parent † ( 379 ) . The connexion is one time once more seen through the relationships that have been revealed, whether it is an hard-boiled felon, a weak retainer, a proud girl, or a unpatriotic lover. The program to acquire Magwitch out of England about gets ruined when Pip is about killed by Orlick. Fortunately, Pip is rescued by his friends. The program eventually tkes topographic point as Pip and Herbert row Magwitch to a ship when Compeyson attacks them in a constabulary boat. The two felons wrestle and Compeyson falls and drowns. Magwitch is badly injured and sentenced to decease. Unfortunately, he dies of his hurts. After passing some old ages in Egypt, Pip returns place to Joe and Biddy, happening them merrily married with a boy, besides named Pip. After, Pip visits the Satis House and wanders about. He so comes across a figure in the shadows, Estella. They begin a conversation, and Estella tells him that she would frequently believe of him. When it was clip to portion, they agreed to stay friends. Pip put his custodies in hers, and â€Å" saw no shadow of another farewell from her † ( 451 ) . Even though in the beginning Estella did non desire to be a portion of love, she subsequently realizes that Pip and her were meant to be linked by love. The secret plan is successful in supplying us with keys to understand the subject of human interconnection. Dickens exhaustively develops his characters in an reliable mode, frequently times utilizing all-around characters. â€Å" My male parent ‘s household name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant lingua could do of both names nil longer or more explicit that Pip. So I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip † ( 1 ) . Philip Pirrip, the chief character, is an ordinary orphan populating with his sister and her hubby at the fens. Philip, besides known as Pip, easy relates to the readers because he comes from a hapless place. He has a low self-pride the ground being his opprobrious sister. His brother-in-law is a blacksmith and the supplier for income in the house. Pip ‘s actions make up the chief secret plan of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Pip was an low male child who looked up to Joe, but when Miss Havisham and Estella entered his life, they changed him wholly. They teach him to be ashamed of his coarse and common life. â€Å" Why, he is a common labouring-boy! † ( 54 ) . When he moves to London, he wholly ignores his household back place, desiring to acquire out of his old deadening life and come in a sophisticated one. â€Å" Let me squeal precisely with what feelings I looked frontward to Joe ‘s coming. Not with pleasance, though I was bound to him by so many ties ; no ; with considerable perturbation, some chagrin, and a acute sense of incongruousness † ( 203 ) . He does non value his one time great influence Joe. Pip starts to alter but non for the better. After a long clip, Pip eventually starts experiencing compassion for person such as Magwitch. After turning Pip ‘s life upside down, Magwitch starts going closer to Pip, and Pip began recognizing the errors he had made. Pip gives him a topographic point to populate and even decides to assist him acquire out of England. â€Å" And you have, and are bound to hold, that tenderness for the life he has risked on your history, that you must salvage him, if possible, from throwing it off. Then you must acquire him out of England before you stir a finger to untangle yourself † ( 318 ) . In the terminal of the novel, Pip realizes his immatureness and begins populating a responsible and reasonable life. Dickens gives the narrative a assortment of characters, and one of the most dynamic characters he creates is Estella. Dickens besides characterizes Estella in a different mode to do her base out. Estella, Miss Havisham ‘s girl, is introduced as haughty and arrogant of her wealth. She serves as a unfavorable judgment against working category. Estella is cold, disbelieving, and manipulative. Although being so disrespectful, Pip still falls in love with Estella. Estella, though, could ne'er show her emotions since her female parent destroyed her ability to interact usually with the universe. She is taught to interrupt Pip ‘s bosom and to ne'er love him. â€Å" Well, you can interrupt his bosom † ( 54 ) . Through out the novel, Estella ‘s attitude towards Pip remains unchanged and her warnings to Pip non to care for her continue. Estella is used by her female parent to seek retaliation on work forces. â€Å" I saw in this that Estella was set to bring Miss Havis ham ‘s retaliation on work forces, and that she was non to be given to me until she had gratified it for a term † ( 282 ) . Later on, Estella decides to acquire married to Drummle, genuinely demoing that she was ne'er touched by Pip ‘s love. Estella is non seen until the last chapter when she meets Pip at the Satis House. He went to the Satis House merely for her interest because he still loved her. Pip had heard about her opprobrious married life and the decease of her hubby. When he met Estella though, he knew that she had changed and wanted to have his love in her life. Estella had learned to love. Finally, Dickens gives the narrative Miss Havisham, the most bizarre character of Dickens book. Her character is successful to pull the reader in. Miss Havisham, a affluent old adult female who lives in her sign of the zodiac, is the most unusual and incredible characters in the narrative. She serves to be a wicked enchantress of the narrative. Deeply affected by her sorrowful yesteryear of her fiancAA © go forthing her at the communion table on her nuptials twenty-four hours, Miss Havisham still wears her marrying gown, a head covering, one shoe, and her stockings. â€Å" I saw that the bride within the espousal frock had withered like the frock, and like the flowers, and had no brightness left but the brightness of her deep-set eyes † ( 53 ) . Pip describes her as a life cadaver whose ghostly presence scared many. Miss Havisham lives with her girl, who she seeks to protect from the sorrow and hurting she had one time suffered, the hurting of lost love. Miss Havisham ne'er taught her girl how to love. She alternatively used her girl to hold retaliation on work forces and interrupt their bosom. â€Å" Sending her out to pull and torture and do mischievousness, Miss Havisham sent her with the malicious confidence that she was beyond the range of all supporters, and that all who staked upon the dramatis personae were secured to lose † ( 282 ) . She uses her money as a arm of power and trains her girl to win where she had failed. Unfortunately, Miss Havisham suffers the effects. Estella is non merely unable to love work forces, but besides Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham realizes her large error when she sees Pip ‘s deep love for Estella. â€Å" The spectral figure of Miss Havisham, her manus still covering her bosom, seemed all resolved into a ghastly stare of commiseration and compunction † ( 339 ) . Since it is excessively late for her to work out the job, the lone thing she can make is take duty for her actions. She asks Pip for forgiveness and leaves some money for Herbert ‘s male parent. â€Å" She turned her face to me for the first clip, dropped on her articulatio genuss at my pess, with her folded weaponries raised to me in the mode in which, when her hapless bosom was immature and fresh and whole, they must frequently hold been raised to Heaven from her female parent ‘s side † ( 370 ) . She dies shortly, but after making what she could make to do other ‘s life bett er. Great Expectations is abundant in symbol. From the many, the two most of import symbols are the Satis House and the mists on the fens. The Satis House represents wealth and royalty. It represents the higher category of the category system In a treatment between Pip and Estella, Estella explains that the word Satis in Latin means adequate. â€Å" It meant, when it was given, that whoever had this house would desire nil else † ( 51 ) . The house besides symbolizes a prison. It ‘s dark and black, and contains many barricaded Windowss. â€Å" Miss Havisham ‘s house, which was of old brick and dismal, and had a great many Fe bars to it. Some of the Windowss had been walled up ; of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred † ( 50 ) . The house non merely symbolizes wealth and prison, but besides Miss Havisham. â€Å" It was broad and I dare state had one time been fine-looking, but every discernable thing in it was covered with dust and cast, and dro pping to pieces † ( 77 ) . The house and it ‘s suites are symbolic of Miss Havisham because, merely like the house, Miss Havisham is drab on the outside and foul in the interior. Similarly, the mists on the fens symbolizes danger and uncertainness. The mist is seen foremost when Pip brings the inmate some nutrient and a file. â€Å" The mist was heavier yet when I got out upon the fens, so that alternatively of my running at everything, everything seemed to run at me † ( 14 ) . The mist is besides present when Pip watches the inmate run off, allowing the readers know that something is traveling to go on in the hereafter. â€Å" The last I heard of him, I stopped in the mist to listen, and the file was still traveling † ( 18 ) . Later in the narrative, when Pip is kidnapped and about murdered by Orlick, Pip once more encounters the mist. â€Å" In a few proceedingss she ( Moon ) had ascended out of that clear field, in among the piled mountains of cloud. There was a melancholic air current, and the fens were really blue † ( 392 ) . Last, the mist played it ‘s function when he was go forthing town to travel to London after having his luck. â€Å" And the mists had all solemnly risen now, and the universe lay spread before me † ( 149 ) . The reader might detect that this positive journey in his life has unsafe effects. After observing the inside informations in secret plan and subject, word picture, and symbols, the reader leaves Great Expectations with great regard for Charles Dickens as a author of fictional literature. Early in the novel, Pip develops outlooks to be worthy of Estella, but when those start to melt away, Pip ‘s outlook is to acquire Magwitch safely out of England. When that is unsuccessful, Pip goes to Joe and Biddy to inquire for forgiveness and receives what he wanted. In the terminal, though, Pip realizes that true love and company are beyond outlooks.

Business website design Essay Example for Free

Business website design Essay Here are the sections which are included in this proposal Introduction A brief statement about the company and what is required from the client Client requirements Here is what the client would require from the website in detail User needs A description of the target audience and what they require and expect Objectives The purpose of the website and what it hopes to achieve Explanations for Here is why specific options were chosen as opposed to others reason of treatment Proposed contents What the website compromises of Human resources The professionals which are required to produce the website Breakdown of Breakdown of the tasks within the project project Introduction Zak Autospare is a medium sized business based in Huddersfield. The main line of business is a wide range of car products from car parts to car audio. The business has a large amount of clients varying from mechanics to people with need of car parts. There are five workers at Zak Autospare, one of these being a manager and another the owner. The new website will advertise the business nationally as opposed to being only local at the moment, it will allow clients to purchase via the web, the main emphasis here will be upon car audio and car accessories such as alloy wheels, seats, steering wheels, etc. The website will be an advantage to Zak Autospare because as well as trading over the counter they can make extra sales via the website, most buyers would be people requiring parts they need for their car and then ordering them through the website and within a matter of days the will receive those particular products. Overall the website will bring forward new clients as well as new business ideas and possible expansion of the business to other towns and cities. Client Requirements The clients would require a website, which projects their dedication to providing and efficient service which delivers quality products. The website will reflect the businesses image of being a reliable service and having an excellent after sales service. It will also state the low prices and competitively priced products, which customers can enjoy for a cheap price. The client will require the following from the website: * The site will be created in HTML as opposed to Flash since everyone does not have Flash and maybe be reluctant to download it * The site will be linked to a searchable database (linked to current database using Microsoft ASP) to allow its users (customers) to use the website easily and efficiently * The database will also include a search facility starting with the user being able to input the type of car they have and from there being given a range of options leading to the relevant car part or product * The company logo will be used throughout the website to achieve recognition and a unique brand and name. This will be the same logo which is out on the shop itself * The site will have to incorporate many images, that are quickly downloaded therefore large web space * An effective shopping cart allowing the users (customers) to purchase products confidently and securely over the internet. * Personal email address to allow sufficient contact between the business and its electronic customers while also allowing the ability for customers to query desirable products. * Separate pages for each category, i. e. page for wheels, page for engine parts, page for car audio, etc User needs. The main users of the website will be people who own cars (Class C1, C2, D and possibly A and B, these would probably buy car audio since it does not require as much work as fitting in a car part) and possibly mechanics from car garages, here they will order when they require particular parts and are not available from elsewhere. The user needs have been investigated and researched by asking questions to existing customers and people who have used the internet to purchase parts and accessories for their car, the following are profiles of possible users and what they will require from this website. User 1: Name: Harpreet Singh Age: 21. Occupation: Student Car: Ford Fiesta XR2i Internet shopper: Yes From this user what was found was, this type of user required the website to have images for as many car parts and products possible. They would like for the car audio section to have an image of the product alongside a full specification list, this will allow the user to view the product as well as reading up on the features and options of the particular product. They would also like the option of having an image of a car and then being able to change the wheels to different types of alloys which in return would give them an idea of how the particular alloys would look on a car. One of this type of user category would have liked the option of being able to test the sound quality of CD players, this obviously would not be possible but what was found from this was that most buyers buy CD players and general car audio because of its brand and alongside this they would also rely on the features the system carries to ensure they are happy with the product they are about to purchase. The user would expect the prices of car audio and alloy wheels to be reasonable and possibly given the opportunity of being able to do price comparisons with other similar websites. User 2: Name: Robert Mason. Age: 28 Occupation: Auto Mechanic Car: Renault Laguna Internet shopper: Yes This type of user would expect a large range of parts for a majority of cars. He would also expect many electrical accessories such as speakers, stereos and all forms of wiring and fuses. Both of these users have excellent knowledge of the internet and they use it for information and shopping and would both expect transactions to be made securely and deliveries within reasonable times. Objectives The primary objective of the site is to introduce ZAK Autospare to a wider range of customers and to increase their customer base. The rest of the objectives are listed below: Allow regular customers and new customers to purchase through the internet, which in return will provide more sales   Show full description of products available with clear images, which are quickly downloaded with prices alongside   Since the business already has a logo, a new logo will not have to be created, this logo will be used through out the website to remind the user whose site they are on and reinforce this name, so that when they think of car parts and audio they think of Zak Autospare. An email facility to provide thorough contact between customers and business   Show the latest range of products, which will be updated regularly to ensure customers have a wide and latest range of products to choose from * Ensure customer satisfaction with product guarantees and the option of returning products with in 14 days with a receipt and the product being unused, this is all currently available from Zak Autospare Explanation of reasons for treatment The initial idea was to create the website in Flash but after discussion, the decision was made to crate it using HTML. Even though the website would probably look better produced in Flash, many people do not have Flash and these people may not wish to download Flash in order to view this website, so it would be a better idea to produce the website in HTML instead. The owner and manager are familiar with HTML, which gives them a greater understanding as to how the website operates. Alongside this, the cost of the producing the website in Flash would be higher than a normal HTML site. The website will be linked to Zak Autospare’s current database which is produced in Microsoft Access 97, the two shall be linked using Microsoft Asp’s, the scripts will be of searching (searching the website through the database) as well as adding (when an order is placed) and subtracting (when an order is removed or cancelled). The reason for using Asp is because this is used by many websites and is also known by the manager of Zak Autospare. The Asp creation is cheaper when linked to a HTML site opposed to a Flash site, so this will help keep costs low. This option is ideal since most sites are connected to Access databases with the use of Asp’s, rather than business owners linking sites to databases produced in SQL, etc. At first it was decided that the site would be named www. zakautospare. co. uk but after discussion it was decided that this name was slightly long winded and not very ‘snappy’, so it was decided that the site would be named www. zaks. co. uk, which was an excellent name, snappy and punchy whilst being short and easy to remember but unfortunately this name was already in use so as an alternative the name www.zaksshop. co. uk was decided to be suitable, this name is still snappy and seems more friendly and warm. However the logos used on the site would still be named Zak, since this is the sign outside the shop itself. Images will be order from product suppliers and companies, such as Pioneer will give images of all their products. On the site itself there will be images of the shop itself, since it is very attractive with various lights, etc. This will give the user a feel of the business they are dealing with. Business website design. (2017, Aug 04).

Alcohol Education Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alcohol Education - Research Proposal Example It will detail how the goal can be measured, the role nurses could play and the aspects that support increasing the educational awareness. Using evidence based research, it will also indicate whether the aspects have been researched before and the outcomes obtained. The paper will also discuss the stakeholders engaged so as to get support for the project, highlight the specific arguments that could be used and the strategies that could be employed. The paper will further make references to change theory, systems theory and organizational theory while outlining the steps to operationalize the project. The outline will indicate specific timelines, needed resources, communication plan and the estimated budget. It will then describe the outcomes that require measurement along the way and those at the end of the project, highlighting their significance and how they would be used to adapt new strategies along the way. Finally, it will be concluded by a description of what the expected outc omes would be. To effectively increase educational awareness of the effects of alcohol among the college age population, there is a need to equip those who will play the role of creating the awareness (WHO, 2012). They include parents, youth workers, teachers, community and religious workers. Through program initiatives, adults can be guided on youth behavioral training, family skills, brief therapy and support. Another critical group is made up of those who sell and serve alcohol, which can be trained on implementing measures to reduce harmful consumption of alcohol by the young people. Peers also bear a significant influence on the young people’s drinking habits and patterns, and specific approaches can be designed to mould their relationship to discourage alcohol consumption (Houghton & Roche, 2001). The way the youth make decisions regarding consumption of alcohol is also greatly influenced by the drinking culture that prevails in their community. The community can be use d to develop the youth’s social and personal skills in a manner which lets them take responsible choices while teaching them not to position themselves or others in the way of harm. Within the colleges, the administrators must educate students on personal and academic effects of excessive alcohol consumption. They should empower their students to be responsible of the decisions they make regarding alcohol and the campus environment. It is upon the college administration to impact upon the students, especially the new ones, the concept of an alcohol-free environment (Midford & McBride, 2001). This can be achieved by showing them that most of their peers already in college do not indulge in alcohol abuse but instead chose safe and healthy decisions. This is a particularly significant step because majority of new students have the tendency to simply fit in the norms they found existing in their new environment. If they are led to incorrectly believe that all students on campus g et drunk regularly, they will most likely pick on the habit and develop it. The students can be assisted to organize and participate in events designed by peer education groups to enhance respect for college policies, state laws and personal responsibility in terms of alcohol consumption. Such events present the youth with opportunities to display healthy ways of life free from use of alcohol illegally and its abuse. If such events are regular

Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Technology - Research Paper Example New technology comes in a standard language of interaction and communication as a result calling for the persons interacting with the technology to learn new languages. The case in point is using mobile handsets, which come in few main languages hence even old users have to learn one main language to fit in (Rashed 2). Massive investments in technology could have far-reaching economic changes in the society. These economic adjustments comes in the form of change in lifestyle, expenditure, access to cheap and high-quality products that shall transform lives of local people positively. An example is if a community that grows avocados and ripens them for food gets an investor who shall put up an avocado processing factory that produces cooking oil, body and skin oils, the community shall derive many benefits from this technological investment. First, the expected price of both cooking and body oils is expected to fall once production starts. In addition, the factory shall trigger sprouting of businesses around to cater for the needs of its working class as a means of access to essential commodities (Rashed 4). New technology comes along with an improvement in the means of communication more especially infrastructure development. This results from the expected increase in activities arising from the investment in new technology. Improved infrastructure will aid transport of a vast number of processed items to the markets and movement of technical engineers and employees to the processing centers (Ibrahim 3). Most investments in new technology have led to improved processing capacity as a result leading to the creation of more job opportunities both in technical departments and at the processing centers. This has been the case in many manufacturing companies, which invest in technology to increase processing capacity and consequently lead to creation of more jobs in the factory and indirect jobs for salespeople and

Principles of Time and Stress Management Assignment

Principles of Time and Stress Management - Assignment Example Based on the facts presented in the case, there is no evidence linking organization in which Chet works, Norris Company to his level of stress. Norris Company has a perfect structure with effective reporting chain hence providing every employee with room for growth and development. Every employee knows clearly his/her supervisor in addition to roles and responsibilities. Therefore, Chet’s level of stress is unrelated to the organizational (structural) problems of Norris Company. Instead, such stress level is his making. Some of the personal characteristics that are likely to interfere with Chet’s productivity and contribute to his level of stress include emotional intelligence, cognitive style, personal values, orientation towards change, and core self-evaluation. Chet does not seem to be in a perfect mood and sense in managing himself as well as a relationship with others. The lack or insufficiency of emotional intelligence is seen on how he casually relates to people within the firm. He is of very little concern. No wonder, when he was asked to go through the project he has done very little on the same. In addition, his personal values and cognitive style may cause the decrease in productivity whilst increasing the level of stress. Actually, Chet does not seem to be having the zeal of gathering and processing information, especially on assigned tasks. In any case, Chet’s orientation towards change is not very clear within the case. Therefore, these are personal characteristics with a possibility of affecting productivity and level of stress that Chet is currently experiencing.

Radio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Radio - Essay Example oring these inventions, it was on 12th December, 1901 that Guglielmo Marconi transmitted the letter â€Å"S† from Podhu in Cornwall, and received at St. John’s Newfoundland. This was the memorable moment in the history as radio was invented. Later, Sir Ambose Fleming developed the diode electron tube which can detect high frequency radio waves. Canadian scientist Fesseden, who is considered as the father of Broad casting radio, was successful in transmitting human voice and music without wires. In 1906, Lee De Forest invented the audion, the first triode electron tube to amplify radio waves. Armstrong developed frequency modulation, in 1918, which reduced interference and noise. The radio was actually born at the time of World War II as Voice of America and was used to transmit information and propaganda during the war. There were shows like the Words of War which was an anthology of war stories. 1. Cut the foil into 6Ãâ€"6 inch and tape onto the paper tower. Leave 1cm at the bottom. Cut another 7Ãâ€"7 piece of white paper and keep the 6Ãâ€"6 inch on the middle of it. Wrap it to the paper towel roll using the tape and ensure that we can slide it up and down with ease. 2. Take a piece of wire one string long and get 90 degree turn and tape it to the top corner of the free moving foil. Cut another piece of the wire the same way and paste it to the bottom which doesn’t move. 3. Take the toilet paper roll and place the tapes twice on the same direction. Peel back one of the tapes and place the wire by leaving one foot long and start spinning on the roll about 25 turns. Leave the other end of the wire at the same direction nearly one foot long. Paste the tape again. To make the second coil we use 90 turns and start spinning from 1/8th of the inch from the first coil. 8. Use the 2000 ohms ear piece, Take the coils end of the wire and scrape gently to remove the enamel or dissolve it in nail polish remover. Attach the ear piece wire and the coils wire with the ground

ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) Research Paper

ICT in ELT (English Language Teaching) - Research Paper Example s therefore become expedient to note that the effective teaching and learning of English has gone beyond the stereotypical to regimented/tradition of mere classroom teaching because of the emergence of various gadgets in information and communication technology (Viatonu, Kayode 2000:1). In the 21st century, majority of people, be they students, researchers or teachers, are making use of the computer and internet to search for information, to chat or to play games. Teachers are becoming the greatest beneficiaries of digital media as far as bringing the world into the classroom is concerned and using authentic resource materials. ICT is being used to provide curriculum tasks and activities that challenge students; this extends to gifted and talented students. It helps them work to a higher level than they otherwise might, for instance, they can access not only the school library books but also academic treatises (Galloway, 2007:26). Galloway also established that ICT is beneficial to students in several ways. There is the potential to present information in multiple formats, speech and image, with software such as ‘Writing with Symbols’. With ICT, activities can be repeated endlessly and identically as students learn the practical nuances of English pronunciation (Galloway, 2007:26). ICT in ELT has also achieved its status as far as translation is concerned. Web-based instant translations are available to and from English and at least nine other languages. Because of the multimedia presentational possibilities and the activities now available, the curriculum is becoming deeper and more enriched by new technology, creating engaging and motivating learning experiences for all students regardless of their needs and abilities (Galloway, 2007:26). There are invaluable pedagogical gains in the use of ICT. This has also contributed to the status of ICT. Teachers are able to develop an effective learning platform. With such a platform, teachers are able to create

Supply Chain Management under Porters Five Forces Model Research Paper

Supply Chain Management under Porters Five Forces Model - Research Paper Example This paper declares there is a system in inventory control referred to as the two-bin system, consisting of a bin for producing materials and a back-up containing these same materials. By adopting a just-in-time methodology, when the main production bin becomes depleted, it is quickly replaced by the back-up. It is at this point when materials are reordered to replenish the main bin. What this will do is reduce the carrying costs of raw inventories, moving from a monthly replenishment system to a daily system that would streamline ordering of raw materials and subsequently allow for better predictive procurement. Implementation of an appropriate BRP system, such as SAP, would automatically calculate movement of materials for production, thus offering a model for procurement based on tangible, quantitative inventory usages. BRP as it relates to the two-bin system would provide the flexible feedback mechanism required for accurate inventory control. HMC should also work on developing r elationships with the supplier corporate culture through transverse coordination innovation. This is a relationship marketing concept designed to remove communication barriers between up-stream suppliers and down-stream buyers with a focus on more coordination and partnership. HMC needs to establish mutually-beneficial alliance functions and negotiations throughout the supplier network to provide production/operations training to other corporate cultures and work together to develop a more responsive supply chain and supporting contract negotiation. The four drivers of supply chain management The four drivers of SCM include outsourcing, globalization, supply and demand risk, and product life cycle in the sales market. With new automotive contracts, the product life cycle is limited due to model changes and new structural best practices for automotive products. Thus, assembly will require a continuous adjustment methodology to existing assembly lines and machinery standards. This wil l somewhat limit the ability to consider long-term procurement and maximize production space and efficiency. This should be recognized when conducting quantitative quality planning, procurement models and predictions, and process controls. From this study it is clear that HMC is not in control of these customer-driven aspects and must be flexible and adaptable to changing production design. However, globalization provides new opportunities for reducing pricing in the supply chain by considering supply alternatives and negotiating contracts with foreign manufacturers for non-automotive production (since these are guided by ISO or QS9000 standards). HMC is in a position to outsource assembly. For non-automotive parts, HMC could consider researching assembly partnerships for semi-finished assembly that can occur in foreign countries with lower labor standards and lower fair wage practices. This would reduce a percentage of labor costs, procurement costs, and allow for production space maximization in certain assembly areas.

Collaborative Fund-Raising Activit Essay Example for Free

Collaborative Fund-Raising Activit Essay The Phoenix Homeless Agency (PHA) needs to increase funding to continue funding job counseling to qualifying recipients. While they regularly access traditional contracts and grants, the economy has increased the need for services immensely and required them to look for other sources. The Executive Director and Board of Directors have begun their search by using the internet, other agencies, and community networking. They have decided that there are three options that would yield revenue while also keeping costs under control so that they have money left over for their program; appealing to local government officials, contacting local businesses for donations, and holding a strong public donation campaign. First, by contacting local government officials the agency may access information about funding that is available to community agencies that are not related to federal or state traditional grants and contracts. These may include United Way, connections to people who may wish to donate, grants from large out-of the area businesses and foundations, or city donations to help people find work. They may also employ grant writers who may be able to help organization understand the locating and writing process to achieve better results. Second, local businesses are often feeling the pinch of the economy as hard as individuals. They understand that people need help and will donate products to be sold in exchange for tax donation credit. These donations could either be sold or used within the program; either raising money by their sale or saving the program money, respectively. Ultimately, the people they help may become their future employees and/or consumers; people remember who helped them when they were in dire straights. Auctions, in-kind trade of services, and door-to-door product sales may raise money which can be helpful in the continuation of the program with very little if any cost. Lastly, the option to run a strong donation drive within the community may be quite successful. This agency has been helping the local people for many years and many will wish to see it continue its work. At a time when support may be needed the most, communities tend to rally behind local agencies rather than donate to larger, more nationally-based organizations because they can see the way their money is being spent. Asking people for money is never a pleasant or easy task, but when the option is ceasing to exist, it must be done. Appealing to individuals helps pull the community together and provides much needed assistance to agencies.

Assessment of Military Influence in the Middle East

Assessment of Military Influence in the Middle East Q5. What best explains the diminished role of the military in the dispensation of power across the Middle East? Jibin Mathew George The military has been fundamental to the existence and sustenance of the modern Middle East since its inception as a largely colonial police force in the early 20th century. And it is the relative omnipresence and longevity of the military in the Middle East that has gradually evolved it to be seen as a symbol of stability in a troubled region. The question put forth however begets the question of the range of power and influence the military enjoyed in the past few decades. It is therefore necessary to assess the military influence in the Middle East, declining or otherwise through the lens of existing literature that seeks to explain civil-military relations. Consider Samuel Huntingtons hypothesis in The Soldier and the State; Here, Huntington argues that a measure of objective control within the state, one where the military structure recognizes the political and foreign paramountcy of the civilian government and where the civilian government recognizes the militarys professional competence and autonomy is one which is more likely to have a subservient military to a dominant civilian state, and is therefore the most effective measure against the prevalence of coups. On the other hand, Janowitz in his book The Professional Soldier argues that separation of powers as Huntington proposes would instead invite coups, and is better prepared against coups by a constant, mutual interaction between the military and civilian government, facilitating the civilian oversight of the States military arm. Both Huntingtons and Janowitzs arguments for civilian control over the military are essentially arguments for what some scholars say was coup-proofing against anarchy and errant branches of the military. Here, coup-proofing suggested steps such as tokens of special loyalties, compartmentalization, rotation and the institution of the commissar system and a dedicated internal intelligence service to keep a check on the militarys political power and influence within the state. However, it has also been argued that coup-proofing has inadvertently led to the ascendance of domestic state with a highly politicized, and yet very ineffectual military capability. In other words, the dissociation of trust between the civilian structure and the military by way of coup-proofing has evolved the military into one devoid of military capability. Such evidence was evident as far back as the onset of the 1st Gulf War when highly modernized Arab forces were beaten on the field by the well-organized Iraqi Army. It must be noted however that Huntingtons and Janowitzs case for explaining civil-military relations was largely borne out of western construct and experience and were largely myopic, with respect to the fact that they incorrectly viewed a coup as the sole and final exercise of military power. Huntington and Janowitz did not calculate and hypothesize that officers in barracks may be as influential and powerful as officers in the government, that officers may rather be kingmakers than kings. It is in light of such coup-less exercision of power by the military that the question of its declining influence in the Middle East be addressed, especially considering that military coups have often been considered to be a measure of military influence in a state. Therefore, considering the fact that the number of coups have steadily fallen in the Middle East since the 1970s (With countries like Syria having a turbulent and frequent history of coups not having had one since 1970), it is understandable to conclude that the militarys influence in steadily waning. However, that may not be a perfect assumption. Here, it is important to consider the case of three Middle Eastern States; Turkey, Israel and Egypt. Israel for one, may be argued is a warfare state, a nation-state born out of conflict, with a society where the preparation of conflict permeates all levels of economy, society and culture. And it is this very nature of society that has contributed to the relative permanence of the military in Israeli politics. Israel is a true democracy but, it is one where the significance of the military has allowed it significant precedence in Israeli society. The military is largely overseen by the civilian structure but, their relationship is one of co-dependence and partnership rather than one of paramountcy as Huntington argued. This relationship is owing to a lot of factors not limited to the openness of entry from the military to the political field (Moshe Dayan, Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon), the very active lobby of ex-military officers within the business and industrial rank and the relative autonomy the IDF enjoys in terms of recruitment, education, training and technological procurement. A lso, the existing civilian-military structure in Israel is a perfect illustration of Janowitzs civilianized military in action, albeit one where the military still enjoys immense influence, that may go as far as political autonomy (In the occupied areas of West Bank and Gaza) as well as a lack of fear from long-term repercussions (Kahan Commission report). On the other hand, the evidence in Turkey is of a military which has been increasingly confident of its duty to preserve the Kemalist Turkish state. It has been a powerful and cohesive institution that has often absorbed tutelary powers by way of coups in 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1977 against democratically elected governments which it didnt believe was preserving the Turkish state. And contrary to popular convention, the army in Turkey preferred to remain kingmakers rather than kings, which is why coups were usually followed by exit guarantees for military officers and a larger role for the military in Turkish domestic and foreign politics (National Security Council after the 1961 constitution following the 60 coup). Presently however, under the more assertive Erdogan, relations have been strained and the military, especially since the 2016 coup attempt has been increasingly devoid of any significant power and influence. It is that rare state in the Middle East where a democratically el ected leader is leading the State away from a partial democracy to a more authoritarian regime. Egypt on the other hand, is a case of a Praetorian state where the lines of distinction are often blurred. It is a state where the military not only did and still does wield a lot of influence and power, but is in charge of a military industrial complex that permeates the all socio-economic levels of the society.   In Egypt, the pattern of increasing arms production and procurement by the military and the expansion of military enterprises into the civilian economy, so much so that 40% of the production capacity is owned by the military, is reflective of the significance of the military in Egypt. Much is the same in Jordan, where its armed forces have entered into joint venture partnerships with 26 foreign defense contractors. However, the cases of Israel, Egypt and Turkey are anomalies in the larger Middle East. In nation-states like Saudi Arabia, power remains solely with the dynastical-clerical network while the military constituted by foreign-trained, apolitical officers and the division of labor allows no real power to the military. Iran remains a theocracy, where power remains removed far from the military, an incidence ensured by the Commissar system which ensures fidelity of the armed forces to the Republic by the Revolutionary Guard. In countries such as Iraq and Yemen, the regular armed forces are splintered into rival factions on primordial and tribal lines. In Syria, similar to Egypt, the institutionalization of the militarys economic interests within the State has ensured the survivability of the regime. There is no single factor responsible for the diminishing role of the military across the Middle East. In fact, it can be argued that the military remains a powerful force in countries such as Egypt and Israel, arguably the most powerful states in the region. However, any power or influence it may have is no longer exercised as it once used to be. Coups have a been a thing of the past for the last few years (Yemen and Egypt being rare exceptions), largely because coups have been increasingly realized to not be the only way to exercise military influence. The same can also be attributed to the fact that regimes such as Syria have grown to perfect ways to coup-proof their regimes by way of not only military division of labor and compartmentalization, but by the utilization of a well-oiled intelligences services like the Mukhabarat, making it even more difficult for civilian regimes to be disposed of. There are other factors to consider as well, such as the fact that coup-proofing measu res have diluted military cohesion, an incidence which makes it almost impossible for a small, disillusioned detachment of the military to wage a coup without the support of the rest of the larger diversified, and highly specialized military such as the Air Forces. To conclude yes, it can be argued that when compared to recent history, the military is enjoying a rather diminished role in Middle East politics. However, this is owing to a multitude of factors, with no single factor solely responsible for the same. That said, the cases of Israel and Egypt do signify that the military does have a significant role to play, if not directly, but by way of a broader, more pervasive degree of influence that has permeated certain Middle Eastern societies.

Holden Caulfield: Typical American Teenager Essay -- Catcher in the Ry

It is difficult to really define American teenagers, but they’re seen as confused and without any real identity age wise. Although not as prominent as in the 20th century, teenagers have to deal with a misleading phoniness in society today. The teenage years are when a person really decides (or has a decision forced on them) how their views will develop, such as living with optimism or pessimism. Because of pressure from media, peers and parents, teenagers either try to grow up too quickly or simply refuse and get left behind. All of these characteristics are related to Holden Caulfield in various ways. Even just on the surface, Holden is a typical teenager, with his low self esteem and bad language. Therefore, based on what it means to be an American teenager, The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger is supposed to be the picture of a typical teenage experience. Generally, the American teenager has enough to be confused with in his own life but society’s phoniness can greatly add to that uncertainty. Most of a person’s adult behaviors are learned in the teenage years, but with people such as politicians being â€Å"phony,† teenagers are getting more upset and confused by the appropriate way to act. If they see people in these kinds of powerful positions lying and embezzling, what would they assume to do other than imitate that behavior? That’s why there is a lot of teenage crime in this country- the crimes of â€Å"phonies† in prominent standing that, to some extent, are endorsing these bad and sometimes ilicit activities. In Holden Caulfield’s case, he lets phoniness run his entire life. The biggest insult he can give something is that of â€Å"phony,† and he stops doing things he would like to do, not wanting to be perceived as a ph... ...t from his own parents. They keep sending him to private schools away from home and that’s forcing him to grow up because there’s nobody else to rely on really. That is the case with most teenagers like Holden, they try to grow up too quickly and miss some potentially great childhood moments. In conclusion, The Catcher in the Rye is a picture of a typical teenage experience because Holden is confused and without any real identity. He has strong views, like most teenagers, on phoniness, view of life and growing up. Holden is a typical American teenager, maybe a little less fortunate than some others, having to fend for himself, really. Nonetheless, nearly all teenagers go through a time in their lives that is emotionally like that of Holden Caulfield. Work Cited Salinger, JD. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown and Company, 1951

Free Awakening Essays: Impressions :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Impressions of The Awakening I liked "The Story of an Hour" much better than I liked "The Awakening" for a few reasons. First of all, "The Awakening" was entirely too long to say what it had to say. I do not really understand the point of having Edna spend all of that time away from Robert. At first, I thought it was to prove how much she missed him, but then she started fooling around with the other guy. To me, this does not indicate that she missed him very much at all. So what was the point of that whole boring part of the story? It made me want Robert to hurry up and come back so we could get on with it (which I guess Edna was thinking the whole time). Then when he does come back, they admit their love for one another, but they still are not together. I guess the ending just kind of pissed me off. I don't get the point in her "waking up" and being free to do whatever she feels, but she still cannot be with Robert. Another thing I did not like was the constant references to waking up and awakenings. I think that when a story is really good, you need to think about it, whereas this story just comes right out and tells you where the turning point is. It was obvious to me by that point when she learns to swim that this will be a turning point in her life, so I don't like the fact that Chopin practically spells it out for us.I do like the fact that, Chopin, living in the times that she did, had the courage to make such a stink! I liked the part where Edna is lying in the hammock, and her husband is yelling at her to come inside to go to bed while she stubbornly refuses.However, Chopin ruins it for me by telling us that Edna makes a conscious decision never to obey her husband against her will again. I think the portrayals of Edna's two friends serve to contrast what she is(or society believes that she should be) with what she will become. Adele is the mother-type who sacrifices all for her children and her husband, and she even assumes a motherly role in the life of Edna, giving advice and trying to protect her friend all the time.

Albee and Williams Use of Virility in Their Plays Essay -- Literary A

The sexual dominance of male characters over their female counterparts in the plays establishes their superiority and control. Both playwrights suggest that a degree of personal status is acquired by sexually dominate women. The rape scene shows Stanley’s use of power sexually through rage and strength, used to illustrate his final defeat of Blanche and establish himself as ‘King’ of his territory, ‘limited to expressing basic desire’ . ‘Since earliest manhood†¦ his life has been pleasure with women... giving and taking of it... with power and pride’. It is a power he can achieve over women that they cannot over him. ‘Let’s have some rough house! [He springs towards her, overturning the table. She cries out... he picks up her inert figure†¦ carries her to the bed]’. The use of stage directions portrays Blanche’s passivity, and gives the audience a better understanding of how the event empowers Stanley ; also the enjambment, ‘Don’t you come towards me another step or I’ll-‘, intensifies Blanche’s lack of power comparatively with Stanley’s. Similarly Albee shows men’s power through the ability to overpower; George asserts ‘I’d take you by force, right here on the living room rug.’ It is telling that at the end of the play he takes her to bed, after destroying her illusion. Albee also uses sexuality as a tool for battle, Martha says ‘I was necking with one of the guests’ in an attempt to antagonise her husband; his nonchalant response undermines her quest for power, ‘... Good... Good you go right on’. Women show a submission to the power of men, even Blanche admits that maybe Stanley is what they need to ‘Mix with [their] blood’, whereas she treats Mitch with contempt, rolling her eyeballs when he can’t see and ridiculing him in ... ... http://www.gradesaver.com/a-streetcar-named-desire/study-guide/major-themes/ (accessed October 2010). Harold Bloom, K Harvey. Dark Humour. Infobase Publishing, 2010. Kolin, Philip C. Tennesse Williams: A guild to resear and performance. USA, 1998. Oxford Dictonary . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1989. Roudane, Matthew. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?: Towards the Marrow. Shmoop Univeristy, inc. . Shmoop. 2010. http://www.shmoop.com/afraid-of-virginia-woolf/ (accessed October 2010). Shmoop University, Inc. Shmoop. 2010. http://www.shmoop.com/streetcar-named-desire/ (accessed October 2010). Small., Brustein 10 Quotation. Robert C. New York, USA: Penguin Group, 2004. Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire. London, Great Britain: Methuen Student Edition, 1984. —. A Streetcar Named Desire. London, Great Britain : Secker & Warburg Ltd., 1984.

Historical Perspectives on Curriculum Development Essay

The development of curriculum in history is basically founded on five outstanding motives: : The development of curriculum in history is basically founded on five outstanding motives: The religious The political The utilitarian The mass education motive The traditional versus modern dimension of the curriculum : Traditional Schools : Traditional Schools Traditional Schools defined curriculum as a group of subjects arranged in a certain sequences peculiar to the subject filed for the purpose of instruction. Unique needs and interests have been placed second to the â€Å"common needs of all† Modern Dimension of Curriculum : Modern Dimension of Curriculum Modern Dimension of curriculum consists of all experiences for learning which are planned and organized by the school. It is composed of the actual experiences and activities of learners inside or outside the classroom under the guidance of the teacher and or which the school accepts responsibility. Definitions of Curriculum : Definitions of Curriculum Some authors define curriculum as â€Å"the total effort of the school to bring about desired out-comes in school and out-of school situations† or â€Å"a sequence of potential experiences set up in school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting†. Curriculum Planning : Curriculum Planning Curriculum plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners. Curriculum guide is a written curriculum Curriculum planning is the process whereby the  arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created. Curriculum Planning : Curriculum Planning Curriculum planning It is the process of preparing for the duties of teaching, deciding upon goals and emphases, determining curriculum content, selecting learning resources and classroom procedures, evaluating progress, and looking toward steps. Curriculum Development : Curriculum Development It is defined as the process of selecting, organizing, executing, and evaluating learning experiences on the basis of the needs, abilities, and interests of learners and nature of the society or community. Curriculum Laboratory : Curriculum Laboratory Curriculum Laboratory is a place or workshop where curriculum materials are gathered or used by teachers or learners of curriculum. Curriculum Laboratory : Curriculum Laboratory Resource Unit is a collection or suggested learning activities and materials organized around a given topic or area which a teacher might utilized in planning, developing, and evaluating a learning unit. Curriculum Laboratory : Curriculum Laboratory Parts of Resource Unit Introduction or short explanation of the importance of the topic; Objective or anticipated outcomes; Content of the unit: Unit activities; Evaluation; and Bibliography Course of the study : Course of the study It is an official guide prepared for use by the administrators, supervisors, and teachers of a particular school system as an aid to teaching a given subject or areas of study for a given level or grade, combinations of grades or other designated class or group of learners. Course of the study : Course of the study It is usually includes the following: Aims of the course; the expected outcomes; the scope and nature of materials to be studied; Suitable instructional aids; Course of the study : Course of the study Textbooks; Supplementary activities; Teaching methods; and Techniques of evaluation of achievements. Two schools of thought predominated throughout the history of curriculum development; : Two schools of thought predominated throughout the history of curriculum development; The essentialist school The progressive school The essentialist school : The essentialist school It considers the curriculum as something rigid consisting of discipline subjects. It considers all learners as much as the same and it aims to fit the learner into the existing social order and thereby maintain the status quo., Its major motivation is discipline and considers freedom as an outcome and not means of education. The essentialist school : The essentialist school Its approach is authoritative and the teacher’s role is to assign lessons and recite recitations. It is book-centered and the methods recommended are memory work, mastery of facts and skills, and development of abstract intelligence. It has no interest in social action and life activities. Its measurement of outcomes is standard tests based on subject matter mastery The progressive school : The progressive school It conceives of the curriculum as something flexible based on areas of interest. It is learner-centered, having in mind that no two persons are alike. Its factor of motivation is individual achievement believing that persons are naturally good. The role of the teacher is to stimulate direct learning process. The progressive school : The progressive school It uses a life experience approach to fit the student for future social action. Constant revision of aims and experimental techniques of learning and teaching are imperative in curriculum development in order to create independent thinking, initiative, self-reliance, individuality, self-expression and activity in the learner. Its measurements outcome is now devices taking into consideration subject matter and personality values. Slide 21: Curriculum Development in the Philippines The Pre-Spanish Curriculum : The Pre-Spanish Curriculum The Filipinos possessed a culture of their own. They had contacts with other foreign peoples from Arabia, India, China, Indo-China and Borneo. The Pre-Spanish Curriculum : The Pre-Spanish Curriculum â€Å"The inhabitants were a civilized people, possessing their systems of writing, laws and moral standards in a well-organized system of government. As shown in the rule of the barangay, their code of laws-the Code of Kalantiao and Maragtas-their belief in the Bathala, and the solidarity of the family were obedience and respect had been practiced. The Spanish-devised Curriculum : The Spanish-devised Curriculum The Spanish missionaries aim to control of the Filipinos, body and soul. The curriculum then consisted of the three R’s- reading, writing and religion to attain goals were the acceptance of Catholicism and the acceptance of Spanish rule. The schools were parochial or convent schools. The main reading materials were the cartilla, the caton and the catecismo. The method of instructions was mainly individual memorization. The Curriculum During the Commonwealth : The Curriculum During the Commonwealth The period of the Commonwealth (1935-1946) may be considered as the period of expansion and reform in the Philippine curriculum. The educational leaders expanded the curriculum by introducing course in farming, domestic science, etc. Commonwealth Act 586, also known as Educational Act of 1940, reorganized the elementary school system. This measured ushered the beginning of the decline of the efficiency of elementary education The Japanese-devised Curriculum : The Japanese-devised Curriculum They devised the curriculum for the Filipino to suit their vested interest. They introduced many changes in the curriculum by including Nippongo and abolishing English as a medium of instruction and as a subject. All textbooks were censored and revised. It causes a blackout in Philippines education and impeded the educational progress of the Filipinos The Liberation Period : The Liberation Period In 1945, during the liberation period, steps were taken to improve the curriculum existing before the war. Some steps taken were to restore Grade VII, to abolish the double-single session and most especially, to adopt the modern trends in education taken from the United States. The school curriculum remained basically the same as before and was still subject-centered. The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic : The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic Great experiments in the community school idea and the use vernacular in the first two grades of the primary schools as the medium of instruction were some of them. An experiment worth mentioning that led to a change in the Philippine educational philosophy was that of school and community collaboration pioneered by Jose V. Aguilar. The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic : The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic It is a source of gratification also to note that our schools are increasingly using instructional materials  that are Philippine-oriented. This policy been formulated by our educational leaders, the most recent example of which being Department Memorandum No. 30, 1966. The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic : The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic This particular memorandum sets the order of priority in the purchase of books for use in our schools as follows: a. Books which are contributions to Philippine Literature. b. Books on character education and other library materials. c. Library equipment and permanent features. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society â€Å"To guarantee that the educational system would be relevant and responsive to the challenges and requirements of national, provincial and local development.† President Ferdinand Marcos pursuant to Proclamation No. 1081 issued last Sept. 29, 1972, Decree No. 6 known as the Educational Development Decree of 1972, to take effect immediately. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society To advance its objectives, the Educational Development Decree has formulated a ten-year program based on a number of principle, among them: improvement of curricular programs and quality of instruction at all levels by upgrading physical facilities; adopting cost-saving instructional technology and training and retaining of teachers and administrators; upgrading of academic standards through accreditation schemes, admissions testing and guidance counseling; and democratization of access to education by financial assistance to poor but deserving students, skills training programs for out of school youth and a continuing educational program for illiterate adults. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society The emphasis of the New Society is on moral values, relevance, proper methods of teaching, retraining of teachers, vocational and technical education, bilingualism, national consciousness and cultural values. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society The curricular redirection of the New Society: 1. Should be redirected on development of moral virtues 2. As a means of integrating education and life 3. Should reflect the urgent need and problems facing the country today 4. Should be viewed in terms of learning to be acquired 5. All teaching shall seek to develop comprehensive under- standing of all subjects 6. Co-curricular youth programs shall be restructured and enriched 7. Non-formal education shall be recognized

Outline for Dissociation and the Drama of Nothing Essay

This part can be used to introduce the whole concept of the paper. This can be the part where trauma and can be defined, as well as descriptions about dissociation. Facts such as statistics, diagnosis, and treatment can be mentioned here. The Drama of Nothing This section explains the concept involved in the treatment process of the dissociated person. This is a good place to put related literature and studies of how effective using scripts and enactments can bring out the trauma that is dissociated by the client. The Conversational Model This includes the description of the conversational model and how this model can be effective in the dissociation case of the client. Nothing to Be Done The script can be written and described here. Trauma Theory This section can be used as the theoretical framework of the paper, where the theory on trauma can be discussed and how it applies to the paper and to dissociation. The Unnamable This will involve the process of the treatment of the client, as well as the step by step procedure of the treatment. It may also discuss how the theory and the model are incorporated in the play. Conclusion This will consists of the conclusions and the generalizations regarding the topic discussed.

Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 3

She's not looking so good,† Kestrel said, peering over Rowan's shoulder. Rowan said, â€Å"Oh,dear,† and sat down Great-aunt Opal was a mummy. Her skin was like leather: yellow-brown, hard, and smooth. Almost shiny. And the skin was all there was to her, just a leathery frame stretched over bones. She didn't have any hair. Her eye sockets were dark holes with dry tissue inside. Her nose was collapsed. â€Å"Poor auntie,† Rowan said. Her own brown eyes were wet. â€Å"We're going to look like that when we die,† Kestrel said musingly. Jade stamped her foot. â€Å"No, look,you guys! You're both missing it completely. Look atthat!† She swung a wild toe at the mummy's midsection. There, protruding from the blue-flowered housedress and the leathery skin, was a gigantic splinter of wood. It was almost as long as an arrow, thick at the base and tapered where it disappeared into Aunt Opal's chest. Flakes of white paint still clung to one side. Several other pickets were lying on the cellar floor. â€Å"Poor old thing,† Rowan said. â€Å"She must havebeen carrying them when she fell.† Jade looked at Kestrel. Kestrel looked back withexasperated golden eyes. There were few things they agreed on, but Rowan was one of them. â€Å"Rowan,† Kestrel said distinctly, â€Å"she wasstaked. â€Å" â€Å"Oh, no.† â€Å"Oh, yes,† Jade said. â€Å"Somebody killed her. And somebody who knew she was a vampire.† Rowan was shaking her head. â€Å"But who would know that?† â€Å"Well †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jade thought. â€Å"Another vampire.† â€Å"Or a vampirehunter,†Kestrel said. Rowan looked up, shocked. â€Å"Those aren't real.They're just stories to frighten kids-aren't they?† Kestrel shrugged, but her golden eyes were dark. Jade shifted uneasily. The freedom she'd felt on the road, the peace in the living room-and now this. Suddenly she felt empty and isolated. Rowan sat down on the stairs, looking too tired and preoccupied to push back the lock of hair plastered to her forehead. â€Å"Maybe I shouldn't havebrought you here,† she said softly. â€Å"Maybe it's worsehere.† She didn't say it, but Jade could sense her next thought. Maybe we should go back â€Å"Nothingcould be worse,† Jade said fiercely. â€Å"And I'd die before I'd go back.† She meant it. Back to waiting on every man in sight? Back to arranged marriages and endless restrictions? Back to all those disapproving faces, so quick to condemn anything different, anything that wasn't done the way it had been done four hundred years ago? â€Å"Wecan't go back,† she said. â€Å"No, we can't,† Kestrel said dryly. â€Å"Literally. Unless we want to end up like Great-aunt Opal. Or†she paused significantly-â€Å"like Great-uncle Hodge.† Rowan looked up. â€Å"Don't even say that!† Jade's stomach felt like a clenched fist. â€Å"They wouldn't, she said, shoving back at the memory that was trying to emerge. â€Å"Not to their own grandkids. Not to us.† â€Å"The point,† Kestrel said, â€Å"is that we can't go back,so we have to go forward. We've got to figure out what we're going to do here without Aunt Opal tohelp us–especially if there's a vampire hunter around. But first, what are we going to do withthat?† She nodded toward the body. Rowan just shook her head helplessly. She lookedaround the cellar as if she might find an answer in a comer. Her gaze fell on Jade. It stopped there, and Jade could see the sisterly radar system turn on. â€Å"Jade. What's that in your jacket?† Jade was too wrung-out to lie. She opened thejacket and showed Rowan the kittens. â€Å"I didn't know my suitcase would kill them.† Rowan looked too wrung-out to be angry. She glanced heavenward, sighing. Then, looking back atJade sharply: â€Å"But why were you bringing them downhere?† â€Å"I wasn't. I was just looking for a shovel. I was going to bury them in the backyard.† There was a pause. Jade looked at her sisters and they looked at each other. Then all three of them looked at the kittens. Then they looked at Great-aunt Opal. Mary-Lynnette was crying. It was a beautiful night, a perfect night. An inversion layer was keeping the air overhead still and warm, and the seeing was excellent. There was very little light pollution and no direct light. The Victorian farmhouse just below Mary-Lynnette's hill wasmostly dark. Mrs. Burdock was always very consider ate about that. Above, the Milky Way cut diagonally across the sky like a river. To the south, where Mary-Lynnette had just directed her telescope, was the constellation Sagittarius, which always looked. more like a teapot than like an archer to her. And just above the spout of the teapot was a faintly pink patch of what looked like steam. It wasn't steam. It was clouds of stars. A star factory called the Lagoon Nebula. The dust and gas of dead stars was being recycled into hot young stars, just being born. It was four thousand and five hundred light-years away. And she was looking at it, right this minute. A seventeen-year-old kid with a second-hand Newtonian reflector telescope was watching the light of stars being born. Sometimes she was filled with so much awe andand-and-and longing-that she thought she might break to pieces. Since there was nobody else around, she could let the tears roll down her cheeks without pretending it was an allergy. After a while she had to sit back and wipe her nose and eyes on the shoulder of her T-shirt. Oh, come on, give it a rest now, she told herself.You're crazy, you know. She wished she hadn't thought of Jeremy earlier. Because now, for some reason, she kept picturinghim the way he'd looked that night when he came to watch the eclipse with her. His level brown eyes had held a spark of excitement, as if he really cared about what he was seeing. As if, for that moment, anyway, he understood. I have been one acquainted with the night, amaudlin little voice inside her chanted romantically, trying to get her to cry again. Yeah, right, Mary-Lynnette told the voice cynically. She reached for the bag of Cheetos she kept under her lawn chair. It was impossible to feel romantic and overwhelmed by grandeur while eating Cheetos. Saturn next, she thought, and wiped sticky orangecrumbs off her fingers. It was a good night for Saturn because its rings were just passing through theiredgewise position. She had to hurry because the moon was rising at 11:16. But before she turned her telescope toward Saturn, she took one last look at the Lagoon. Actuallyjust to the east of the Lagoon, trying to make out the open cluster of fainter stars she knew was there. She couldn't see it. Her eyes just weren't good enough. If she had a bigger telescope-if she lived inChile where the air was dry-if she could get above the earth's atmosphere . . . then she might have a chance. But for now . . . she was limited by the human eye. Human pupils just didn't open farther than 9 millimeters. Nothing to be done about that. She was just centering Saturn in the field of viewwhen a light went on behind the farmhouse below. Not a little porch light. A barnyard vapor lamp. Itilluminated the back property of the house like a searchlight. Mary-Lynnette sat back, annoyed. It didn't reallymatter-she could see Saturn anyway, see the rings that tonight were just a delicate silver line cutting across the center of the planet. But it was strange.Mrs. Burdock never turned the back light on at night. The girls, Mary-Lynnette thought. The nieces. Theymust have gotten there and she must be giving them a tour. Absently she reached for her binoculars. Shewas curious. They were good binoculars, Celestron Ultimas,sleek and lightweight. She used them for looking at everything from deep sky objects to the craters on the moon. Right now, they magnified the back of Mrs. Burdock's house ten times. She didn't see Mrs. Burdock, though. She could seethe garden. She could see the shed and the fenced-in area where Mrs. Burdock kept her goats. And shecould see three girls, all well illuminated by the vapor lamp. One had brown hair, one had golden hair, and one had hair the color of Jupiter's rings. That silvery.Like starlight. They were carrying something wrapped in plastic between them. Black plastic. Hefty garbage bags, if Mary-Lynnette wasn't mistaken. Now, what on earth were they doing with that? Burying it. The short one with the silvery hair had a shovel. She was a good little digger, too. In a few minutesshe had rooted up most of Mrs. Burdock's irises. Then the medium-sized one with the golden hairtook a turn, and last of all the tall one with the brown hair. Then they picked up the garbage-bagged objecteven though it was probably over five feet long, it seemed very light-and put it in the hole they'd just made. They began to shovel dirt back into the hole. No, Mary-Lynnette told herself. No, don't be ridiculous. Don't be insane. There's some mundane, per fectly commonplace explanation for this. The problem was, she couldn't think of any. No, no, no. This is notRear Window,we are not in the Twilight Zone. They're just burying-something. Some sort of †¦ ordinary †¦ What else besides a dead body was five-feet-andsome-odd-inches long, rigid, and needed to be wrapped in garbage bags before burial? And, Mary-Lynnette thought, feeling a rush ofadrenaline that made her heart beat hard. And. And†¦ Where was Mrs. Burdock? The adrenaline was tingling painfully in herpalms and feet. It made her feel out of control, which she hated. Her hands were shaking so badly she had to lower the binoculars. Mrs. B.'s okay. She's all right. Things like thisdon'thappenin real life. What would Nancy Drew do? Suddenly, in the middle of her panic, MaryLynnette felt a tiny giggle try to escape like a burp. Nancy Drew, of course, would hike right down there and investigate. She'd eavesdrop on the girls from behind a bush and then dig up the garden once they went back inside the house. But things like that didn't happen. Mary-Lynnette couldn't even imagine trying to dig up a neighbor's garden in the dead of night. She would get caught and it would be a humiliating farce. Mrs. Burdock would walk out of the house alive and alarmed, and Mary-Lynnette would dieof embarrassment trying to explain. In a book that might be amusing. In real life-she didn't even want to think about it. One good thing, it made her realize how absurd her paranoia was. Deep down, she obviously knew Mrs. B. was just fine. Otherwise, she wouldn't besitting here; she'd be calling the police, like any sensi ble person. Somehow, though, she suddenly felt tired. Not up to more starwatching. She checked her watch by the ruby glow of a red-filtered flashlight. Almost eleven-well, it was all over in sixteen minutes anyway. When the moon rose it would bleach out the sky. But before she broke down her telescope for the trip back, she picked up the binoculars again. Just one last look. The garden was empty. A rectangle of fresh darksoil showed where it had been violated. Even as Mary-Lynnette watched, the vapor lamp went out. It wouldn't do any harm to go over there tomorrow, Mary-Lynnette thought. Actually, I was goingto, anyway. I should welcome those girls to the neighborhood. I should return those pruning shears Dad borrowed and the knife Mrs. B. gave me to get my gas cap off. And of course I'll see Mrs. B. there, and then I'll know everything's okay. Ash reached the top of the winding road andstopped to admire the blazing point of light in the south. You really could see more from these isolated country towns. From here Jupiter, the king of the planets, looked like a UFO. â€Å"Where have you been?† a voice nearby said. â€Å"I'vebeen waiting for you for hours.† Ash answered without turning around. â€Å"Wherehave I been? Where have you been? We were supposed to meet onthat hill, Quinn.† Hands in his pockets, he pointed with an elbow. â€Å"Wrong. It was this hill and I've been sitting righthere waiting for you the entire time. But forget it. Are they here or aren't they?† Ash turned and walked unhurriedly to the open convertible that was parked just beside the road, itslights off. He leaned one elbow on the door, looking down. â€Å"They're here. I told you they would be. It was the only place for them to go.† â€Å"All three of them?† â€Å"Of course, all three of them. My sisters always stick together.† Quinn's lip curled. â€Å"Lamia are so wonderfully family oriented.† â€Å"And made vampires are so wonderfully . . . short,† Ash said serenely, looking at the sky again. Quinn gave him a look like black ice. His e-mail, compact body was utterly still inside the car. â€Å"Well, now, I never got to finish growing, did I?† he saidvery softly. â€Å"One of your ancestors took care of that.† Ash boosted himself to sit on the hood of the car,long legs dangling. â€Å"I think I may stop aging this year myself,† he said blandly, still looking down the slope. â€Å"Eighteen's not such a bad age.† â€Å"Maybe not if you have a choice,† Quinn said, his voice still as soft as dead leaves falling. â€Å"Try beingeighteen for four centuries-with no end in sight.† Ash turned to smile at him again. â€Å"Sorry. On my family's behalf.† â€Å"And I'm sorry for your family. The Redferns have been having a little trouble lately, haven't they? Let's see if I've got it right. First your uncle Hodge breaks Night World law and is appropriately punished-â€Å" â€Å"My great-uncle by marriage,† Ash interrupted in polite tones, holding one finger up. â€Å"He was a Burdock, not a Redfern. And that was over ten years ago.† â€Å"And then your aunt Opal-â€Å" â€Å"Mygreat-auntOpal-â€Å" â€Å"Disappears completely. Breaks off all contact withthe Night World. Apparently because she prefers living in the middle of nowhere with humans.† Ash shrugged, eyes fixed on the southern horizon. â€Å"It must be good hunting in the middle of nowhere with humans. No competition. And no Night Worldenforcement-no Elders putting a limit on how many you can bag.† â€Å"And no supervision,† Quinn said sourly. â€Å"Itdoesn't matter so much thatshe's been living here, but she's obviously been encouraging your sisters to join her. You should have informed on them whenyou found out they were writing to each other secretly.† Ash shrugged, uncomfortable. â€Å"It wasn't againstthe law. I didn't know what they had in mind.† â€Å"It's not just them,† Quinn said in his disturbingly soft voice. â€Å"You know there are rumors about that cousin of yours-James Rasmussen. People are saying that he fell in love with a human girl. That she was dying and he decided to change her withoutpermission. . . .† Ash slid off the hood and straightened. â€Å"I never listen to rumors,† he said, briskly and untruthfully. â€Å"Besides, that's not the problem right now, is it?† â€Å"No. The problem is your sisters and the mess they're in. And whether you can really do what's necessary to dean it up.† â€Å"Don't worry, Quinn. I can handle it.† â€Å"ButI doworry, Ash. I don't know how I let you talk me into this.† â€Å"You didn't. You lost that game of poker.† â€Å"And you cheated.† Quinn was looking off into a middle distance, his dark eyes narrowed, his moutha straight line. â€Å"I still think we should tell the Elders ,† he said abruptly. â€Å"It's the only way to guarantee a really thorough investigation.† â€Å"I don't see why it needs to be so thorough.They've only been here a few hours.† â€Å"Your sisters have only been here a few hours.Your aunt has been here-how long? Ten years?† â€Å"What have you got against my aunt, Quinn?† â€Å"Her husband was a traitor. She's a traitor now for encouraging those girls to run away. And who knowswhat she's been doing here in the last ten years? Who knows how many humans she's told about the Night World?† Ash shrugged, examining his nails. â€Å"Maybe she hasn't told any.† â€Å"And maybe she's told the whole town.† â€Å"Quinn,† Ash said patiently, speaking as if to avery young child, â€Å"if my aunt has broken the laws of the Night World, she has to die. For the family honor. Any blotch on that reflects onme.† â€Å"That's one thing I can count on,† Quinn said halfunder his breath. ‘,'Your self-interest. You always look after Number One, don't you?† â€Å"Doesn't everybody?† â€Å"Not everybody is quite so blatant about it.† There was a pause, then Quinn said, â€Å"And what about your sisters?† â€Å"What about them?† â€Å"Can you kill them if it's necessary?† Ash didn't blink. â€Å"Of course. If it's necessary. For the family honor.† â€Å"If they've let something slip about the NightWorld-â€Å" â€Å"They're not stupid.† â€Å"They're innocent. They might get tricked. That'swhat happens when you live on an island completely isolated from normal humans. You never learn how cunning vermin can be.† â€Å"Well, we know how cunning they can be,† Ash said, smiling. â€Å"And what to do about them.† For the first time Quinn himself smiled, a charming, almost dreamy smile. â€Å"Yes, I know your views on that. All right. I'll leave you here to take care of it. I don't need to tell you to check out every human those girls have had contact with. Do a good job and maybe you can save your familyhonor.† â€Å"Not to mention the embarrassment of a public trial.† â€Å"I'll come back in a week. And if you haven't got things under control, I go to the Elders. I don't mean your Redfern family Elders, either. I'm taking it all the way up to the joint Council.† â€Å"Oh, fine,† Ash said. â€Å"You know, you really ought to get a hobby, Quinn. Go hunting yourself. You're too repressed.† -252Quinn ignored that and said shortly, â€Å"Do you know where to start?† â€Å"Sure. The girls are right †¦ down †¦ there.† Ashturned east. With one eye shut, he zeroed in with his finger on a patch of light in the valley below. â€Å"At Burdock Farm. I'll check things out in town, then I'll go look up the nearest vermin.†

Coca-Cola Case Study

I. CURRENT SITUATION A. Past Corporate Performance IndexesThe Coca-Cola Company Heritage Timeline 1886-1892 – Atlanta Beginningsâ€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN THE UNITED STATES.† Coca-Cola made its debut in Atlanta, at the Jacob’s Pharmacy soda fountain, where it sold for 5 cents in a glass. In the first year, the Company sold about 9 glasses of Coca-Cola a day. The first advertisement for Coca-Cola appears in the â€Å"Atlanta Journal.† Frank Robinson suggests the name Coca-Cola and pens the now-famous Coca-Cola trademark in Spencerian script; the script is still used today. Free drink coupons are distributed to encourage people to try Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola first uses calendars and outside posters for advertising.1893-1904 – Beyond Atlanta â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN THE UNITED STATES.† Coca-Cola hires first Celebrity Spokesperson Hilda Clark, a Music Hall performer. The Coca-Cola trademark is registered in the U.S. Patent Office. In Chicago , Coca-Cola makes its first appearance a World’s Fair. Coca-Cola is first put into bottles in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by Joseph Biedenharn. â€Å"Coca-Cola is sold and consumed in every state and territory of the United States,† proclaims Asa Candler. The Coca-Cola Company branded urns and clocks.Large-scale bottling begins in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The annual advertising budget for Coca-Cola surpasses the $100,000 mark for the first time. The first magazine ads for Coca-Cola appear in national consumer publications.1905-1918 – Safeguarding the Brand â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 8 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE† To combat copycats, Coca-Cola develops a unique bottle, the Contour Bottle. Cuba, Canada and Panama become the first three countries outside the U.S. to bottle Coca-Cola. Bottles of Coca-Cola are delivered by horse drawn  carriages. The annual ad budget reaches $1 million.Copycat beverages try to capitalize on the success of Coca-Cola. The 6 1/2 – ounce refillable glass contour bottle is introduced to distinguish Coca-Cola from competitors. Though patented in 1915, the contour bottle to the public in 1916. Asa Candler resigns from The Coca-Cola Company and is elected Mayor of Atlanta.1919-1940 – The Woodruff Legacy â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 53 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE. Coca-Cola introduces the Six-Pack, a convenient packaging revolutionizes soft drink consumption by enabling people to enjoy Coca-Cola anywhere. Coca-Cola is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, at $40/share. The first European bottling plants open in Paris and Bordeaux, France. Robert W. Woodruff is elected president of The Coca-Cola Company, beginning six decades of leadership. The first billboard for Coca-Cola appears.The IX Olympic Games open in Amsterdam and Coca-Cola is there – its first Olympics. The first large neon sign for Coca-Cola is placed in Times Square, New York. The bell-shaped glass is adopted as the standard glass for serving C oca-Cola at soda fountains. The Coca-Cola Santa Claus, created by Haddon Sundblom, first appears in advertising. The first standardized coin-operated vending machines are used.1941-1950 –The War and its Legacy â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 120 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE† The elf-like Sprite is introduced to promote the use of the word â€Å"Coke† when asking for Coca-Cola. The term â€Å"Coke† is used for the first time in magazine ads to help establish it as a trademark. During World War II, Technical Observers are sent to operate bottling plants overseas; they supervise the shipment and operation of 64 complete bottling plants that will distribute over 5 billion bottles of Coca-Cola to American troops. A new sleek look for the Coca-Cola fountain dispenser – created by fame industrial designer Raymond Loewy – is introduced. Coca-Cola becomes the first-ever product to appear on the cover of TIME Magazine. The annual budget surpasses $30  million. The first king-size and family-size bottles are introduced. The Santa Claus doll is issued for the time on a limited basis. Coca-Cola is a welcome accompaniment to 1950s leisure activities such as bowling, picnics and road trips.1960-1981 – A World of Customers â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 163 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE.† During the 70’s, Coca –Cola thrilled the world with its exciting and dynamic advertising. The 12-ounce can for Coca-Cola is introduced. Sprite is introduced.TaB, the Company’s first diet soft drink, is introduced.The first lift-top cans are introduced.The Dynamic Ribbon Device – commonly called the Coke â€Å"wave† – is introduced to the public as part of a new 1970s look for Coca-Cola. Georgia Coffee is introduced to Japan.Coca-Cola comes to China – the only packaged cold drink allowed in the country. The U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame is founded by the U.S. Olympic Committee and The Coca-Cola Company. Roberto C. Goizueta becomes chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company.1982-1989 – Diet Coke and New Coke â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN 165 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE.† Diet Coke was introduced – the very first extension of Coca-Cola trademark and had become the top low-calorie drink in the world. The Coca-Cola Foundation is established.Coca-Cola becomes the first soft drink to be consumed in space when astronauts test the â€Å"Coca-Cola Space Can† aboard Space Shuttle Challenger. The Company introduces a new taste for Coca-Cola (â€Å"new Coke†) and brings back Coca-Cola classic after protests by loyal customers. Coca-Cola becomes the first trademark displayed in Pushkin Square, Moscow.1990-1999 – New Markets and Brands â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN NEARLY 200 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE.† Coca-Cola is  introduced in East Germany.World of Coca-Cola, an attraction dedicated to the Company’s history, opens in Atlanta. Coca-Cola introduces the first bo ttles made partially with recycled plastic, an innovation for the industry. The Coca-Cola Polar Bear first stars in advertising.The 20-ounce plastic contour bottle is introduced; the bottle helps distinguished Coca-Cola form other brands. Barq’s root bear and cream soda brands join the Coca-Cola Company’s family of brands. The Coca-Cola Company sponsors the Summer Olympic Games in its hometown, Atlanta. The Coca-Cola extends its Project Hope initiative in China by awarding four-year grants for collegiate study to nearly 700 students. Coca-Cola extends its FIFA partnership with a long-term committed to the Federation Internationale de Football Association.The Company’s long association with sports was strengthened during this decade with Rugby World Cup and National Basketball Association and also became the Official Soft Drink of NASCAR racing. Dasani, a bottled water product; Powerade, sports drink; and Qoo, a children’s drink, joins the Company’s line-up of brands. The Company further expanded through acquisitions, including Limca, Maaza, and Thumbs Up in India; Inca Kola in Peru and Cadbury Schweppes’ beverage in more than 120 countries.2000-Present – Coca-Cola Now â€Å"COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED IN MORE THAN 200 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE† Coca-Cola global marketing platform makes its debut.The â€Å"Fride Pack† – a thinner, longer 12-pack designed to take up less space on refrigerator shelves – is launched in the U.S. The Winter Olympic Games are hed in Salt Lake City, Utah, marketing the 74th consecutive year The Coca-Cola Company has been an Olympic Sponsor. Coca-Cola is one of two primary sponsors of â€Å"American Idol† in the U.S., the music contest program that became a pop culture phenomenon. E. Neville Isdell is elected chairman of the board and CEO of the Company. The Company extends its sponsorship of the Olympic Games through 2020. Coca-Cola Zero, a zero-calorie cola with r eal Coca-Cola taste, is introduced.B.Strategic PostureCurrent Mission Our Roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. To refresh the world To inspire the moments of optimism and happiness To create value and make a difference Current ObjectivesOur Main Objective is to be globally known as a business that conducts business responsibility and ethically and to accelerate sustainable growth to operate in tomorrow’s world. By having these objectives, we form the foundation for companies in the decision making process Current StrategiesOur company aims to be globally known, we do this by targeting different areas across the globe with different products, gaining our brand and popularity. All our bottling partners work closely with our customers such as convenience stores, grocery stores, movie theaters and street vendors to create and use localized strategies de veloped in partnership with the Company. Our competition with other beverage companies are also narrowed down as they own various brands that could be possible competition. Our Company often reviews and evaluates business plans and performance to improve their earning and analyze their competitive position in the market.Current Policies We firmly commit to conduct all our business activities in a socially responsible manner, ensuring: The health and safety of our employees The protection of our consumers and other external stakeholders The protection of the environment. Some of our policies that we uphold are: Environmental Policy Equality of Opportunity Policy Quality and food safety policy Health and wellness Policy Climate Change Policy And the likes.