Cortes : The Two Face :: essays research papers

Cortes The Two FaceDon Fernando Cortes was either a misguided religious extremist on a quest to swear out his earthly king and immortal god or simply an entrepreneur who wished to achieve great status, power and wealth. Cortes is in love with the idea of conquering spick-and-span worlds in the name of God to convert their heathen inhabitants into righteous followers of Jesus. The problem is that Cortes is also in love with himself and the future power that he dexterity one day hold. Cortes is largely a hypocrite and shows that very much through his actions. He often tells his men and the king that God undoubtedly on there side. He attempts to prove this through his accounts where describes his small regiments of no more than one thousand men defeating massive armies of forty thousand to two-hundred thousand Indians. some times it seems though Cortes truly is being help oneselfed by God but he quickly contradicts these possibilities with his sinful actions.Cortes seems to get a large amount of help from God for someone who reacts with merciless vengeance and accepts slave women as gifts. However, one might say that Cortes could be forgiven for his ignorance in accepting human beings as airscrew because in the 1500s the Catholic Church in Spain lead its followers to believe that the act of slavery was in fact not a sin. Cortes explains that he merely wants to enslave the Indians so that they may better learn the ways of the Catholic Church and of Spanish culture. He figured that it was his duty to enslave these mess because it was the only way of turning them away from their horrible sins such cannibalism, sodomy, and their horrific practices of sacrifice. Cortes attributes much of his success and victory to the will of God. They should observe that God was on our side, and to Him cypher is impossible, for, as they saw, we had won so many victories in which so many of the enemy had died, and none of us.(Cortes, 63) He feels that God is helping him to pun ish theses people for their sins and and their souls by helping to enslave them for its the only way to lead them towards Jesus Christ. There is a chance that Cortes truly was a genuinely a religious man believed strongly in the true principles of the Catholic faith but its not likely.

The Meaning of Success Essay -- Expository Essays

The Meaning of masterySuccess has to do with having the freedom to shake choices and being the person we want to be. Even though each of us determine what winner is, we piece of tail follow some factors for having a successful life. The head start factor is hard work and discipline. Achieving what can be termed as a major triumph such as success in our work or personal victory after a long, hard slog can bring a wonderful sense of happiness when we get to the peak. This climb to success can be difficult in terms of maintaining the discipline essential to achieve the ultimate task and is more suited to those brave souls who are ready to live on the edge and do anything it takes to achieve their goals. Probably the biggest pick out to success is dogged determination. Every successful person has failed, most h... The Meaning of Success Essay -- Expository EssaysThe Meaning of SuccessSuccess has to do with having the freedom to make choices and being the person we want to be. Even though each of us determine what success is, we can follow some factors for having a successful life. The first factor is hard work and discipline. Achieving what can be termed as a major triumph such as success in our work or personal victory after a long, hard slog can bring a wonderful sense of happiness when we get to the peak. This climb to success can be difficult in terms of maintaining the discipline needed to achieve the ultimate task and is more suited to those brave souls who are prepared to live on the edge and do anything it takes to achieve their goals. Probably the biggest key to success is dogged determination. Every successful person has failed, most h...

German Government Officials in WWII :: European History World War II

German Government Officials in WWII Many people have contributed to the cruel treatment of homophile beings,specifically Jews, in Nazi Germany during the second World state of war. This is areport on the damage carried out by some of the Nazi criminals working to a lower place the rule of Adolf Hitler. Many people contributed in Hitlers attempt to carry out his FinalSolution. Among these people are Ernst Roehm, Joseph Goebbels, AdolfHimmler, and Hermann Wilhelm Goering. While I discuss how they partook inWorld War Two, keep in mind their actions will, and have, left a mark onthe world forever. Little is known about Ernst Roehms childhood. He was a quiet male child whonever went looking for trouble and didnt express hatred towards anyone,mostly because his parents were Libertarians and never paid attention tothe politics in Germanys heartland. In college, Hitlers ideas andnotions had a strong squeeze on Roehms personality. Though Roehm nevergraduated, he joined the Free Corps, a group of soldiers dedicated tochanging injustices in the German government. After a while, Roehm startedto start out tired of the Free Corps non- violent style, and he was tempted tobe more of an activist in government reform. Hitler, looking to recruitfellow officers in his plan, then in its infancy, liked Roehms strongpresence and personality. Roehm, jobless and nowhere to go, joinedHitlers office. After Hitler was elected into office some years later, hesplit his dictatorship into antithetical divisions. Roehm, being one of theoriginal officers, was chosen as head of the Sturmabteilung, or SA,commonly referred to as the Brownshirts and storm-troopers. By 1932, theBrownshirts had reached more than 400,000 members. All types of men whoHitler saw fit out enough to join were members. Among them were ex-Free Corpssoldiers like Roehm, students who werent able to find jobs, shopkeeperswho went out of business or werent profitable enough, the unemployed,uneducate d, and common criminals. As you can see, they were a truly diversebunch. Roehm had full power over where they demonstrated and protested.What was their cause? None really. They were merely an idea of Hitlersto spread his popularity, as well as the Nazi Partys. They roamed thestreets of Munich, very much drunk, singing racist stanzas from songs, beatinganyone they thought, judging just from appearance who they thought was aJew or a Communist. Roehm screamed to the marching storm-troopers, We

Nikola Tesla Essay -- essays papers

Nikola TeslaMy great grandmother was born on September 30, 1895 in Strum, Wisconsin, and apply to tell us the close important invention for the home, in her lifetime, was the clothes washing machine. Now history always bets to make the present era seem more civilized, when in fact, it is plausibly only cleaner, thanks to my grandmothers favorite invention. But, I wonder if it is easier. Certainly, there were many patents issued in the 1880s for inventions that truly would change the lives of future generations, and a handful of these amazing contrivances would have a great impact on that which is truly important to an industrialized nation the machinery that speeds business, business being the true prickle of a country, but to a country girl whose family depended on farming, the clothes washing machine still stands out as the one that saved her the most time.So this essay will delve into the era of the 1880s and focus on one of the most important inventors that ever lived, Niko la Tesla. Many business machines were patented earlier Nikola Tesla patented the alternating-current electromagnetic motor in 1888 (while the popular Thomas Edison was stubbornly clinging to direct-current motors), but soon more and more inventors were realizing this new source of harnessed force out could bring glorious miracles to business, thus providing them with even more glorious profits. But first, the washing machine, truly in honor of my great grandmother, who will be cv years old this year.Before the days of washing machines, people got dirt out of their clothes by pounding them on rocks and washing the dirt aside in streams. Sand was used as an abrasive to free the dirt. Soap was discovered at Romes Sapo Hill where ashes containing the fat of sacrificial animals were found to have well-grounded cleaning powers. The earliest washing machine - the scrub board - was invented in 1797. In 1874 William Blackstone, a Bluffton, Indiana merchant and manufacturer of corn plant ers, built a birthday present for his wife. It was a machine that removed and washed away dirt from clothes. It consisted of a wooden tub in which there was a flat piece of wood containing six small wooden pegs. The inner mechanism looked something like a small milking stool. It was moved back and forth by pith of a handle and an arrangement of gears. Dirty clothes were snagged on the wooden pegs an... ...ed to place his untested theories into countless notebooks. The man who invented the modern world died nearly hard up at age 86 on January 7, 1943. More than two thousand people attended his funeral. In his lifetime, Tesla received over 800 different patents. He probably would have exceeded Edisons record number if he wasnt always broke - he could afford very few patent applications during the last thirty years of his life. dissimilar Edison, Tesla was an original thinker whose ideas typically had no precedent in science. Unfortunately, the world does not financially reward people of Teslas originality. We only award those that take these concepts and minute them into a refined, useful product. BibliographyCheney, Margaret, Tesla Man Out of Time (Dell Publishing, 1981)Tesla, N., Electrical Experiment (1919)Tesla, N., The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla (unknown publishing date or place used) Book very red on web pagewww.neuronet.pitt.edu/biodam/tesla/tesla.pdfwww.neuronet.pitt.edu/bogdam/tesla/bio.thmwww.neuronet.pitt.edu/bogdam/tesla/chicago.htmwww.neuronet.pitt.edu/bogdam//tesla/niagara.htmwww.neuronet.pitt.edu/biodam/tesla/tesla.pdf

Learning Disabilities: ADHD Essay -- Essays Papers

Learning Disabilities ADHDAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that can affect all persons behavior and way of life. In their book, Special Education, J.Ysseldyke and B. Algozzine state that no area has experienced as much growth as erudition disabilities. It is by far the largest of all special education categories. Enormous changes in the last century have changed the way society treats children with disabilities. Psychologist William Lee Heward affirms that in the 1800s there were few public provisions dealing with adults or children with special needs. Psychologists researched in order to discover the characteristics of a person with ADHD and the effects it has on human behavior. Teachers, parents, and other people have an important role in dealing with a person who has the condition. Special education today is an area of festering interest and of continuing controversies.Full and fair access to educational opportunities was often denied to children who were different because of race, culture, language, gender, or exceptionality (Banks and Banks 293). Because local school officials did not have any good obligation to grant students with disabilities the same educational access that other non disabled students enjoyed, many schools denied enrollment to children with learning disabilities. This exclusion had to be corrected making it essential to make laws governing the education of exceptional children. As a consequence, in 1975 Law 94-142, Congress passed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This law has changed education throughout the sphere affecting and changing the roles of special educators, schools, administrators, parents and many other professionals involved in the... ...o Special Education. 6th ed. Ohio Prentice may, 2000.Kirk, Gallagher & Anastasiow. Educating Exceptional Children. 8th ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997.Parodi, Luis M. Educacin exceptional y sus Servicios. Puerto Rico Publi caciones Puertorriqueas, Inc., 2002.Rief, Sandra F. Cmo Tratar y Ensear al Nio con Problemas de Atencin e Hiperactividad. Argentina editorial Piados, 2000.Schirduan, V. M. Elementary students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in schools using multiple disorders (ADHD) intelligences theory Intelligences, schools using multiple intelligences theory Intelligences, and achievement. Ed. D. diss., University of concept, and achievement. Ed. Diss., University of, 2000.Ysseldyke, J. and Algozzine, B. Special Education A hardheaded Approach for Teachers. 3rd.ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1995.

Learning Disabilities: ADHD Essay -- Essays Papers

Learning Disabilities ADHDAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that can affect either persons behavior and way of life. In their book, Special Education, J.Ysseldyke and B. Algozzine state that no area has experienced as much growth as learnedness disabilities. It is by far the largest of all special education categories. Enormous changes in the last century have changed the way society treats children with disabilities. Psychologist William Lee Heward affirms that in the 1800s there were few public provisions dealing with adults or children with special needs. Psychologists researched in order to discover the characteristics of a person with ADHD and the effects it has on human behavior. Teachers, parents, and other people have an important role in dealing with a person who has the condition. Special education today is an area of maturement interest and of continuing controversies.Full and fair access to educational opportunities was often denied to childr en who were different because of race, culture, language, gender, or exceptionality (Banks and Banks 293). Because local school officials did not have any wakeless obligation to grant students with disabilities the same educational access that other non disabled students enjoyed, many schools denied enrollment to children with learning disabilities. This exclusion had to be corrected making it essential to make laws governing the education of exceptional children. As a consequence, in 1975 Law 94-142, Congress passed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This law has changed education throughout the countrified affecting and changing the roles of special educators, schools, administrators, parents and many other professionals involved in the... ...o Special Education. 6th ed. Ohio Prentice may, 2000.Kirk, Gallagher & Anastasiow. Educating Exceptional Children. 8th ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997.Parodi, Luis M. Educacin special y sus Servicios. Puerto Rico Publicaciones Puertorriqueas, Inc., 2002.Rief, Sandra F. Cmo Tratar y Ensear al Nio con Problemas de Atencin e Hiperactividad. Argentina column Piados, 2000.Schirduan, V. M. Elementary students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in schools using multiple disorders (ADHD) intelligences theory Intelligences, schools using multiple intelligences theory Intelligences, and achievement. Ed. D. diss., University of concept, and achievement. Ed. Diss., University of, 2000.Ysseldyke, J. and Algozzine, B. Special Education A hardheaded Approach for Teachers. 3rd.ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1995.

Organizational Structure Essay

Facebook is a social-networking site that has a strong organization structure that is appropriate for their particular harvest-time social media. Facebook seems like a simple site that does not learn a structure to operate. Facebook launched in 2004 and is currently the most popular social-networking site. People foundation sh be photos, stories, life experiences of both positive and negative. This strong organization structure has allowed Facebook to grow and continue to be strong in a competitive securities industry where the product is ones face-to-face life.Twitter works in the same way but is only set up for chatting done posts, besides known as tweets. Tweets are text-based quotes of up to 140 characters and the users posts it on their profile page (Shetty, 2010). Users so-and-so as well send pictures and videos through Twitpics and new(prenominal) sources. Millions of people use Facebook and organizations use them to advertise and to promote their services. Facebook is set up where users have friends who can see each other users posts. They also can tag pictures, providing information on who is in a particular picture.Twitter and Facebook have veritable their organisational structure to become one of the most used social-networking sites in the world today. This spot was previously held by MySpace. MySpace is used chief(prenominal)ly by individuals to chat with each other and post pictures and other personal information. Businesses never adapted to MySpace compared to other social networks such as with Twitter and Facebook. For this reason advertising companies have found it more worthwhile to advertise through Twitter and Facebook. First Facebook, and then Twitter determined that to stay in melodic phrase and be profitable it would require senior high traffic on the sites and umteen top advertisers. Once businesses could take advantage of this new web tool, they quickly learned how helpful it was. Users can friend or follow organizations that they have a special interest in.The organizations can use this platform to promote a product, service, or even cause. Twitter is slightly different from Facebook in the way that the main purpose of the site is to tweet and follow others tweets. It is simple, easy to use, and effectual. Twitter has a different business appeal because, unlike Facebook there are no games or other things to do while logged in. Facebook has developed that area of their business and has different games and applications to entertain a person while online. While logged into Facebook a user can also do everything from change their status, check on a friends status, or post pictures. Facebook also provides the option of chatting with friends and these chats are stored in your messages. complaisant networking provides a public outlet as well as a personal outlet. Facebook and Twitter both are popular social networking sites and have developed a business structure that supports their organization.Twitter and Facebook have many organizational functions that support the different responsibilities within the organizations. While Facebook is set up for enormous amounts of market through the use of advertising, Twitter allows individual organizations to posts tweets to keep followers interested. Through the use of games Facebook also makes gold by asking users to represent for different move of the games. Anyone who has played Farmville will attest that these games can be addicting.Facebook has many different ways to make money and maintain financial st top executive, such as the ability to constantly test different things. Twitter also makes its money through advertising, just not in the same way Facebook does. Twitter promotes products using promoted tweets. Organizations pay Twitter to promote their products in searchable tweets. Tweets are searchable even through sites like Google and Bing. While it is less obvious on Twitter, they like Facebook make most of their money promotin g other businesses. The more human traffic on a site, the more desirable it is for other organizations to advertise with this site. Both Facebook and Twitter have very high daily traffic organizations gladly pay to advertise with them.Both Facebook and Twitter use a horizontal structure and functional organization. They are set up in a way that each employee on the organization chart has a particular set of skills and responsibilities. These skills and responsibilities are unique to a particular designate they are specialized. A functional organization has specialized departments and are group people according to business functions or particular skills each function require (Bateman & Snell, 2011). Facebook and Twitter are strong organizations and will continue to remain that way. Well-known companies and organizations throughout the world will continue to use them to promote ideas, products, or anything else they motivation to make known.The employees at Facebook and Twitter have individualized departments with individualized tasks. There is an easy to follow flow chart between each operation. This allows for less disarray and clear channels of authority. Without this failure is inevitable. While one department is responsible for monitoring the information technology, another department is responsible for web content. The same is truthful for marketing, human recourses, and every other area of business. Each department is specialized and functions efficiently this way. Without proper structure instructions can get off confused and responsibilities get uncertain. This creates chaos and in the end will cause the websites to fail.For a business to be successful it must have an effective organizational structure. A basal organization structure gives a business direction and allows it to function. One of the first steps to starting a business is to create a basic organizational structure and have it clearly show departments, their functions, and who will run them (Shetty, 2010). A functional organization is the proper structure for both Facebook and Twitter because of the type of business they are. If responsibilities and departments were not clearly defined or organized differently it may cause them to be less functional and less effective at social-networking. Social-networking sites are here to stay and both Facebook and Twitter are in the lead. They have learned from their predecessor, MySpace what it takes to create high human traffic and attract advertisers. By creating an effective organizational structure, they are successful and have few internal issues.ReferencesBateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Irwin.Shetty, N. (2010). ManagementParadise.com. Retrieved from http//www.managementparadise.com/forums/human-resources-management-h-r/21515

Reflections Theory

Reflections theory Introduction In this report I will be comparing two reflective theories, outlining their similarities and differences. I will be choosing the one I retrieve to be the best in my opinion. This will be the one I will be use in my demise of socio-economic class reflective account. The two reflective theories I will be looking at argon, Johns Model of Structured Reflection and Gibbss Reflective Cycle. Theories There are two main differences between the two theories. Johns uses a linear structure, with a set out and an end. tho, Gibbs uses a more cyclic structure and has no defined getning or end. Johns theory is also mainly aimed towards health care and talks most working with patients and their families. Gibbs on the other hand stinker be aimed more towards students and their experiences. Johns uses the 2 main headings Looking in and looking out. Under Looking in in that location are 5 Sub-Headings Aesthetics, Personal, Ethics, Empirics and Reflexivity. John s for the most intermit requires the need to work with a supervisor and as such he c each(prenominal)s this a guided condemnation.It requires you to write a description of the experience before you begin the reflection, once you have done this it requires you to follow the questions as they come up. One of the advantage of Johns reflective model is that there is a clear Beginning and an end meaning the mortal looking back on their experience has a clear outline on where to begin and the process used in the reflection. However the issue with the reflexive pattern of knowing is that it will only be relevant for a situation that has been resolved.If your were trying to analyze a situation thats was ongoing you would have to incorporate parts of another reflective model to help you. With Johns model of structured reflection you would not have to use entirely the questions within the model, but you could also use the questions a number of times if appropriate. Gibbs Reflective Model is easier to be used by students as it talks close to getting a clear understanding the situations. It uses the six main Headings Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan.It uses these heading to gain a clear understanding of what went on, what was the experience alike(p) for the person, how they interpreted the situation, what they could have done and what they would do again if the situation arose again. Because there is no defined structure and no definite beginning or end, there is the advantage that if the person going through the reflection of their experience and they look back on it they can add more information to each particle as and when they think of it, so they can go back or forward to one of the headings and add in the information into the specific field.For example if they smack they need to talk about their feeling first they can do that or if they feel they need to evaluate the situation or talk about what they would do again, an d add their input to it, as they can go through the cycle as many times as they need to get all the information down. Gibbs also talks about what would we do different if the situation arose again. They both put great emphasis on the feelings and the emotions of the person throughout the reflection process. They both talk about what happened and try to make sense of the situation. They both also talk about ConclusionTo conclude the theory that I will be choosing for my reflective practice at the end of year is, Gibbs Reflective Cycle. I have chosen this reflective model for a number of reasons. I believe that Gibbs reflective cycle is more aimed towards Student whereas Johns is aimed more towards health care and talks about working with patients and their families. Gibbs reflective model is also easier to interpret and I believe it to be easier to use to analyze any given situation with the main headings it uses to gain information about the situation the feelings of the person and the experience the person underwent during any given situation.I believe it is easier to follow than Johns model of structured reflection. Gibbs reflective cycle does not require the need of a supervisor to aid the reflection whereas Johns model talks about have one present to go through the reflection process. I will be using Gibbs Reflective cycle as I feel that it is more relevant to myself and it is clearer to follow and would be easier to use for my reflection process. References (2012) REFLECTION.Available http//moodle. bcu. ac. uk/tee/pluginfile. php/116376/mod_resource/content/0/reflective_models. pdf. hold up accessed 15th Dec 2012. (2012) About Johns model of structured reflection. Available http//www. brookes. ac. uk/ go/upgrade/a-z/reflective_johns. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012. (2012) About Gibbs reflective cycle. Available http//www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_gibbs. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012.

Hewlett-Packard Case Study Essay

Carly Fiorina was hired in Hewlett-Packard as Chairwoman, CEO and President of Hewlett-Packard in 1999 simply before that, she acquire recognition being one of the most powerful women in America. Her career in H-P was a combination of ups and down leaving the company with a hooking more controversy. Carly Fiorinas performance at HP caught the attentions of the people in America and the world.Was CEO Carly Fiorina an example of internal or external succession at H-P and why?Carly Fiorinas appellation in Hewlett-Packard is an example of external succession because she was not a former H-P employee or member of the board her expertise and famed popularity do the H-P Board to hire her service. Specifically, her achievements at Lucent and AT&T impressed the executives of H-P, which at that time was at a point of downslide (Boldman & Deal, p. 111), who thought that Fiorina could work drastic action and new leadership to shake things up (ibid).Describe the changes made at Hewlett-Pac kard under CEO Fiorina.Carly Fiorina obviously was really smart and an pioneer as evident in her achievements in her former companies. However, her true ability was tested in Hewlett-Packard that left her torn-apart caused by the consequences of the massive scale she imposed on H-P. She succeeded in some ways and failed in some aspects.Nevertheless, Fiorina made three changes in HP in her six-year term that greatly affected the HP stopping point according to Craig (2008). First, she redirected the spending of the company from nurturing employees to financial performance (Craig) that resulted to growth in earnings and revenues during her term. Secondly, she changed the reward system given to employees from profit-sharing to an incentive program. The last change she made was restructuring the whole company by merging similar units to one resulting to having only four units from the original 84 units. Reduction of smaller independent businesses of HP resulted to wrinkle losses of m any employees but improved the communication and internal transaction of the company.Likewise, the merging of Hewlett-Packard and Compaq causedFiorinas strategy brought more negative consequences than positive ones. Though she got what she anticipate, but the fact that people were hurt by her aggressive action they all retaliated against her. Unbelievably, only during her term that HP experienced so many job losses and employee apprehensions. These changes damaged the company as employee dissatisfaction grew further until 2005 and the stock reduced by half while its competitors such as Dell and IBM continued soaring high.What is your public opinion of what ultimately happened to her at HP, as illustrated by the second article?Fiorina lost her credibility at HP which was contrary to her previous achievements she made prior to her appointment at HP. I think she was overwhelmed by the shining glory of her achievements during that time that she promoted herself rather than the company s future. She failed to understand what the company really needed instead she went on her way without fully analyzing what correct actions to take.Basically, she relied to herself totally that she never noticed the cultural forces that raged against her. She lost her focus as many turned into opposition to her plans in the first place, she never got to the heart of the problem of HP that she misunderstood many of the remarks and words of expectation she received at the time she was appointed at HP.How would you observe the most recent succession that occurred at H-P?External succession with Fiorina was the first attempt made by the company and I think that experience gave them a great lesson to ponder on because the succession brought chaos to the company, which was opposite to what they expected. HP was quite stable though some downslides occurred already when Fiorina was hired in 1999. Fiorina was appointed as chairwoman in order to enhance further its competitiveness in the ma rket but her leadership style did not meet the expected changes that she promised to them.In the first place, HP became irrational by associating the success of Fiorina at AT&T and Lucent to Hewlett-Packard. It failed to see competent and able leaders inside the company who could replace the parting person. Getting the right person for a very sensitive position must be done with care. Monk and Wagner suggested that in line with succession, it is important that a company create a succession plan that incorporates every level of the organization (2008, p. 174). The succession plan will acquit the company in cases like Fiorina.ConclusionIn the case of Carly Fiorina in HP, it is appropriate to assume that succession must be according to the plan and alike the company must set a ruling regarding succession. Fiorina could be the right person in HP but the lack of clear vision and penchant of the culture and expectation of the company she developed her own approaches that only harmed th e people in the company.

A Stylistic analysis of ‘Under Milk Wood’ by Dylan Thomas

A Stylistic analysis of at a lower place Milk Woodby Dylan doubting Thomas. by Dylan Thomas.The objective lens of this paper is to stylistically analyzeUnder Milk Wood( 1954 ) by Dylan Thomas. I aim to de bourneine what Thomass influences upon his work were and how he uses literary techniques to make a human of literary art which is so appealing to the senses. I will besides associate these tell stylizations to Thomass historical and cultural background in point to derive a full image of his life at the clip of composing. Dylan Marlais Thomas was born on the 27Thursdayof October, 1914 in Swansea, Wales. Thomas is responsible for a immense organic structure of work during his short life nevertheless, his most celebrated piece of authorship isUnder Milk Woodwhich was published in 1954.Under Milk Woodis non moreover Dylan Thomas most celebrated piece of work, but it was besides his last.During his childhood, Thomas spent the bulk of his life in his place town, nevertheless, each summer he was sent cancelled to his aunts house in Carmarthenshire farms. This allowed Thomas to see the contrasting side to that of his busy town life and proved to train a immense impact on the manner in which he wrote. Thomas attended Swansea Grammar School from 1925 and whilst at that place, he began to maintain diaries of poesy which he had written, and his first verse form was published in the school magazine. By the clip Thomas left school at the age of 16, he had already written over 200 verse forms. ( Poemhunter 2014 )As a kid, Thomas frequently had reoccurring eruptions of bronchitis and suffered from terrible asthma ( Bio 2013 ) , as a consequence, he was seen as overly weak to contend in World War II and was alternatively used to compose authorities books. However, Thomas found it hard to populate off the little rewards and sought employment with a company named Strand Films. Strand Films created short productions for the Ministry of Information and Thomas wrote five of these in 1942. During this clip, Thomas was roll uping a aggregation of verse forms, one of which was subsequently published in 1946 asDeath and Entrances. This aggregation of verse form was inspired by World War II and trades with the effectuate which arise from war and was dubbed as the devising of his calling. Critic Walter J. Turner said that this book entirely, in my sentiment, ranks him as a major poet ( 1946 176 ) . In 1941, Swansea was bombed by the German Luftwaffe, and Thomas saw the devastation of the streets which he held beloved to his bosom and this inspired him to compose about this experience in a wireless drama which he called,Return Journey Home( 1958 ) . The Second World War appears to hold been a big influence uponUnder Milk Woodand the creative activity of Llareggub was Thomass manner of qualification a picturesque sense of the past ( 1995 19 ) where clip had been at a standstill as the custodies of the clock affirm stayed still at half(prenominal) past 1 1 for 50 years ( 1995 28 ) . This bursts the audience the vision of a town where clip does non count and war has non been a calamity which the citizens have been forced to meet.In 1950, Thomas was invited to New York by John Malcolm Brinnin in order to tour the humanistic disciplines Centres in America, over a three month period. Two old ages subsequently in 1952, Thomas embarked upon the humanistic disciplines tour one time once more, this clip with his married woman, Caitlin Macnamara. Whilst in America, Macnamara discovered that Thomas had been unfaithful on his old trip to the States and the brace began to imbibe to a great extent and reason unrelentingly ( Poemhunter 2014 ) . The heavy imbibing caused Thomas health to deteriorate and he shortly found himself enduring from urarthritis and external respiration troubles. On the 3rdof May, 1953, whilst in America, Thomas preformed an unfinishedUnder Milk Wood( 1954 ) at Harvard University on his ain. He so performed once more, t his clip with a full dramatis personae of histrions, at The Poetry Centre in New York on the 14Thursdayof May 1953.Upon his return to Wales, Thomas completed the drama and it was performed to the full for the first clip at The Lyric Theatre in Carmarthen, Wales on the 8Thursdayof October 1953. On the 19Thursdayof October, 1953, Thomas flew back to America in order to execute the finished drama, nevertheless, unluckily, on the 5Thursdayof November, 1953 Thomas was admitted to St. Vincents infirmary after a tally of bad wellness, with acute alcoholic encephalopathy ( Poemhunter 2014 ) and slipped into a stupefaction before go throughing off on the 9Thursdayof November 1953. The calamity of his passing besides meant that the BBC was now unable to get down with the cinematography ofUnder Milk Woodwith Thomas as the component ( 1954 ) .A Play for expresss is the caption ofUnder Milk Woodand this helps to determine the genre of it highly reasoned. Although the drama was specifically written to be a wireless production, it is non a typical drama. The most important divergence from the normalcy of a drama is that it is unusual for a drama to hold a storyteller. In a stagecoach drama, the ideas, feelings and scenes are readed straight to the audience via the characters utilizing duologues and monologues. It is obvious that the drama is a dramatic production and contains all of the properties which we would anticipate to happen within a dramatic text. A play is a text which is written to be performed on phase, telecasting or wireless and will include staging waies, character lists, waies for costumes, and is written to be performed in the signifier of a duologue book.Under Milk Wooddoes incorporate all of these characteristics, but besides contains facets of poesy and narrative which are unusual characteristics of serious play.Under Milk Woodis set in a fancied town in Wales which is called Llareggub. Although the town name really runs Welsh, it is in fact the backwards spelling of the term sodomite all. The drama illustrates the life of Llareggub s occupants over the infinite of a dark from spring, moonless night ( 1995 3 ) to the thin dark darkness ( 1995 62 ) . The drama contains no existent action but does incorporate different episodes which are connected by the two omniscient storytellers, the first voice ( 1995 3 ) and the second voice ( 1995 4 ) . These two voices displacement from character to character but they do non truly belong to the citizens of Llareggub. The voices merely present the characters to the hearer so in consequence they are mediators for the audience and the dramatic subdivisions of the drama.The drama contains many different poetic effects, which are largely spoken by the First Voice ( 1995 3 ) and Second Voice ( 1995 4 ) . The two voices use metaphors repeatedly in order to compare one thing to another. An voice of a simile within the drama is when Mrs Cherry Owen defines Mr Cherry Owen as being as rummy as a deacon ( 1995 26 ) . The consequence of this simile is that it highlights the drinking of Mr Cherry Owen and draws the audience in because the audience would be shocked at the innuendo of a deacon being rummy.Under Milk Woodbesides contains many metaphorical statements. For illustration the small pink eyed cottage ( 1995 8 ) . This metaphor gives the bungalow life qualities and personifies it leting the audience to care and link to the object despite it being inanimate. alliteration is besides often used in order to add accent and deepness to Thomass descriptions of the small town and its milieus. For illustration the first voice speaks about Bessie Bighead being asleep, and the voice says sleep until the dark sucks out her psyche and spits it into the sky ( 1995 55 ) . Here, Thomas is utilizing alliterative and onomatopoetic sounds for the old lady in order to pull attending to the line.A farther poetic technique which Thomas uses is strong images which are built up utilizing different semantic Fieldss in order to make images in the head of the audience. An illustration of this is when the first voice says Now, in her ice-berg white, holily laundered, crinoline night-gown, under virtuous polar sheets, in her spruced and scoured dust-defying quiescency room in trig and spare Bay view ( 1995 12 ) . The consequence of this image is to demo us how clean Mrs Ogmore Prichards house is with the system of statements such as ice-berg white and dust-defying bedroom . Although Thomas could hold merely said that the house was really clean, he chose to give the audience an image in their heads to assistance with clearly visualizing the scene. A farther illustration is the sloeblack, decelerate, black, crowblack, fishingboat-bobbing sea ( 1995 3 ) . The usage of such complex images and poetic lingual communication which is used by the first and 2nd storytellers gives effectual contrast to that of the ordinary, mundane linguistic communication of the citizens of Ll areggub. The inclusion of poetic techniques in a piece that is meant to be dramatic creates inward-moving feelings for the audience to go immersed in. They besides give Llareggub a dreamlike and charming feeling which leaves the reader with a feeling of admiration and child-like phantasy.Thomas does non merely convey ocular images through descriptive linguistic communication, but he allows the audience to see the town by listening to the sounds which the storytellers are invariably directing us towards. The first and 2nd voices often invite the audience to listen as only you can hear ( 1995 4 ) . There are no sound effects in the drama hence, sounds must be created by the descriptions which Thomas gives to us. For illustration the sea interruption and the chitchat of birds ( 1995 20 ) , shrill misss giggle ( 1995 45 ) and the clippety-clop of Equus caballuss ..pigs are grunting, chop goes the meatman, milk-churns bell, boulder claies ring, sheep cough, Canis familiariss shout, saw s sing ( 1995 34 ) . Again the consequence of this is to let the audience to visualize the town utilizing sound as an concomitant to the ocular images which he invariably feeds. Thomas uses the Welsh poetic construct of cynghanedd ( 2009 ) throughoutUnder Milk Woodwhich is the internal sound agreement utilizing beat, riming, vowel rhyme and wrangle pattern. The usage of this device creates velocity and energy which drives the twenty-four hours into dark once more. A good illustration of this is Theres the, cartridge holder clunking or Equus caballuss on the sun making loveed setts of the humming streets, hammering of horse-shoes, gobble quack and cackle, tomtit chirrup from the bird-ounced boughs ( 1995 34 ) .The voice of a Guide-book ( 1995 19 ) storyteller is intended to give comparing to the first and 2nd voice storytellers. The usher is impersonal and distant in comparing to the two voices it does non look to cognize the town really good and does non talk to the audience in th e same mode as the first two voices do. It abuses the town and the occupants whilst looking down upon their manner of life and doing the town come along drilling and uneventful. For illustration the guide-book voice describes the little houses as prinking themselves out in petroleum colorss and the broad usage of pink wash ( 1995 19 ) and describes the town as this little disintegrating watering-place ( 1994 19 ) . The Guide-book is highly negative with respects to Llareggub, and uses cliches such as cobbled streets and its small fishing habour ( 1995 19 ) to do the topographic point appear worn out and antique.Thomass usage of neologies are outstanding throughout the drama and are largely in the signifier of compound nouns and participle adjectives such as fishingboat-bobbing sea ( 1995 3 ) and jellyfish-slippery ( 1995 4 ) . The usage of these is to enable Thomas to maintain the beat in flow with the remainder of the text and give elicit ideological effects ( 2010 18 ) which pa radox human linguistic communication. Page 9 through to page 12 sees Thomas use an ancient classic technique called stichomythia ( 1975 143-176 ) . This is a technique which was besides famously used by Shakespeare throughout his work ( 2009 ) and comprises of two or more characters prosecuting in quick-fire address. This is besides repeated on page 28 and pages 35-36. This speedy exchange of address gives the audience a sense of velocity and picks up the gait until the conversation is over.There is a noticeable sum of innuendo nowadays inUnder Milk Woodalong with dual entendre and boylike temper. For illustration on page 60, Mr Waldo says nobodys swept my chimbley/Since my hubby went his slipway/Come and brush my chimbley/Bring along your chimbley brush ( 1995 60 ) and Lie down, lie easy. Let me shipwreck in your thighs ( 1995 52 ) . Despite the boylike insinuation, in that respect are illustrations of descriptive and mildly titillating lines. An illustration of this is The Sun hums down through the cotton flowers of her frock into the bell of her bosom and bombilation in the honey at that place and sofas and busss, lazy-loving and boozed, in her red-berried breast ( 1995 46 ) . The consequence this has upon the text is one of temper and visible radiation hearted screening of the characters making a threading nonplus between the audience and the citizens of Llareggub.The inclusion and intermingling of all these techniques has allowed Thomas to make an improbably sensuous piece of literary art which flows swimmingly with the carefully crafted rhythmic linguistic communication and crisp pacing. Richard Burton considers Under Milk Wood to be a amusing masterpiece ( Rees 2014 ) , one that will populate everlastingly in the unfading voices of his far-out characters.Word Count 2230 ( excepting bibliography )Bibliography.Biography of Dylan Thomas.( 2014 ) hypertext transfer protocol //www.poemhunter.com/dylan-thomas/biography/ Accessed ( 01/04/2014 )Drabble, M . ( 2009 )The Oxford Companion to English Literature.Oxford Oxford University Press.Jeffries, L. ( 2010 ) . Critical Stylistics The Power of English. Basingstoke Macmillan.Jeffries, L. & A McIntyre, D. ( 2011 ) Teaching Stylistics. London MacmillanOToole ( 1975 )Analytic and Man-made Approaches to communicative Structurein Style and Structure in Literature. United kingdom Blackwell.Thomas, D. ( 1954 )Under Milk Wood. ( The Definitive edition 1995. ) London Everyman.Thomas, D. ( 1958 )Return Journey Home. Hammersmith Lyric Theatre.Thomas, D. ( 1946 )Death and Entrances.United kingdom Jackdaw Books.Turner, W. J. ( 1946 ) . The Spectator. Pg. 176. The Spectator.West, J. ( 2009 ) .Welsh Poetry check I Cynghaneddhypertext transfer protocol //allpoetry.com/column/7546199-Welsh-Poetry -Part-I-Cynghanedd by-Welshbard ( accessed 30/03/2014 )Rees, J. ( 2014 )Why Under Milk Wood is the greatest wireless drama of all time.The Telegraph.

Rawls Trawls’ Theory of Justice, Hayeks Theory of Freedom

Friedrich Hayek was a British philosopher who wrote from his projects of World War one in which he officiated. It is kn own that based on Hayeks experience in the war and his desire to help avoid the mistakes that had orchestrated to the war he was led to this career in which he developed the guess of emancipation. Hayek argues that there are many definitions for the bound freedom however he refers to this as freedom without coercion. Hayek also speaks to individual and personal freedom in which he argues that a man is either free or not free. Being free he swears is acting on ones own go forth and not the will of another and emphasises the idea that there are both types of freedom freedom to and freedom from. When Hayek speaks to freedom, he makes mention of Political, Personal/Inner as substanti each(prenominal)(prenominal)y as sparing freedom. John Rawls on the other hand was an American philosopher who wrote from his experiences of World War two.Rawls developed the the ory of referee. arbiter is a supposition of moral relevance based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, equity or fairness. Rawls refers to mediocreice as fairness and from the theory of justice, the liberty and difference principle was derived. Rawls argues that Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as information is of preparations of thought. From the theory of justice the original position and the veil of ignorance were also developed.You can read alsoJustice System Position PaperThese concepts will be explained further. The aim of this essay is to outline and formulate major distinctions between the two theories listed above by stating the similarities as well as the differences that tells them apart and evaluate both(prenominal) theories, subsequently justifying which of the two provides a mend explanation. As was mentioned before, Hayeks theory of freedom refers to freedom from coercion. The term coercion refers to the act of compelling by force or authority.In Hayeks words coercion can be explained as control of a persons environment or circumstances such that he is forced to act not according to a coherent plan of his own but to deal the ends of another, and so unable to do either his own intelligence or knowledge or to follow his own aims. Hayek went on to say that coercion kernel having control for the environment so that he/she acts in the interest of the person rather than the interest of their own.Coercion he argues is will, because it removes or eliminates the individual as a thinking person that should be valued and asserts that the only way to prevent coercion is through the threat of coercion. The coerced lacks the ability of using his knowledge for his own purposes, since the effective use of aptitude requires that one be able to predict to an extent the conditions that exist in ones environment and adhere to an arrangement of action. only if if the facts which train our plans are under the sole co ntrol of another, our actions will be similarly controlled. p. 34 For Hayek coercion means doing the will of another and not his own and he gives an example of this, Even if the threat of starvation to me and perhaps to my family impels me to accept a distasteful job at a very low wage, I am not coerced by him or anybody else. So long as the act that has placed me in my predicament is not aimed at making me do or not do specific things, so long as the intent of the act that harms me is not to make me serve another persons ends, its effect on my freedom is not different from that of any natural calamity a fire or a Rood that destroys my house or an accident that harms my health. p. 137However, what may seem to be coercion to some may not be coercion to others, hence, Hayek outlines that the following conditions must be satisfied in order to say that a person has been coerced The coerced persons environment must be controlled by another so that, eon he does choose, he is made to ch oose what will serve the ends of another rather than his own ends, The coercer must threaten to inflict harm with the intention, thereby, to bring about certain ends, That which the coercer denies to me must be crucial to my existence or to what I most value, That the act of the coercer must be directed at me.Upon careful examination, it will become apparent that Hayeks definition of coercion is radic aloney defective, originally because it provides no objective and clear cut standard of what is a coercive act but rather leaves it to individual judgment (with reference to what the individual most values) the determination of when a coercive action has been committed.Hayek speaks also about personal freedom and this he explains as inner freedom which he explains as metaphysical or subject freedom which is the extent to which a person guides his actions by his/her own will, reasons and lasting conviction as opposed to momentarily impulses or circumstances. Economic freedom, which ref ers to freedom from enterprise or state control and Political freedom which refers to freedom from arbitrary rule or arrest and the opportunities people have to determine who should govern and by what principles.To Hayek, the existence of government is not only permissible but also desirable and he considers, as most classical liberals did, that defence, police, and the judicature of justice are indispensable functions of government. He asserts that these governmental activities are not hindrances to a free society, but its guarantees and he argues that the only interference in freedom government should have is preventing one from coercing another.For Hayek freedom means the rejection of direct control over individuals efforts and he argues that knowledge must be available, free, unrestricted or controlled and that our assurance in freedom should rest on the belief that it will create forces of good rather than evil and that the benefits we derive from freedom awaits heavily on h ow others use it, however, he argues also that we cannot achieve certainty in human affairs so we best make use of the knowledge we have. Thus we should stick to the rules of experience which best serves our way of thinking, although we dont know the consequences of using this knowledge.He believes civilization is progress and progress is civilization. Hayek also speaks about liberty and stresses that the true essence of liberty is liberty under the rule of law, rather than unlimited liberty. It follows that freedom of economic activity means freedom under the law, not the absence of all government action (Hayek, 1960, p. 220). Rawls on the other hand speaks about the theory of justice, from this the liberty and difference theory was derived and the original/initial position as well as the veil of ignorance.Rawls argued that two principles serve to organize society the liberty principle which is the first principle of justice that speaks to the fact that person is to have an play off right to the most freedom compatible with everyone else having that same amount of freedom and the difference principle which is the second principle which is an egalitarian conception that unless there is a distribution that makes both parties better off an equal distribution is to be preferred and speaks to the fact that social economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both reasonably expected to be to everyones advantage and attached to the position and offices open to all. Primary Goods is a term used by Rawls to cover all the things that the Two Principles of Justice are going to divide up. They are things like rights, opportunities, incomes, power etcetera. Rawls He rooted the original position in and extended the concept of social contract previously advocated by Hobbes, Rousseau, and Locke which made the principles of justice the object of the contract binding members of society together.The original position as that which representatives with limited inf ormation about the interests that they represent attempt to agree as to how society should be ordered and the veil of ignorance is the state of not knowing or having all knowledge or information for the alternatives but arriving at a position. This deal with the initial/original position which sets up a fair action that any principle agreed will be just. Rawls also speak of social justice which he states is to be regarded as providing in the first exemplar a standard whereby the distributive aspects of the basic structure of society are to be assessed therefore, they may not elucidate the justiceof voluntary cooperative arrangements or procedures for making contractual agreements (Rawls, 1999, pp. 7-8).For both theories, it can so far be seen that although both theories are different they also have similarities. The first similarity is that Rawls and Hayek both schooled from the same tradition-liberalism in which they argued that individuals should to be free to pursue their own idea of the good life and that the states role is as an enabler. Secondly, they both agree on the substantive point, which is that principles of justice apply to the rules of institutions and social practices, but not to distributions of particular things across specific persons. Thirdly, the government is important and that the government exists to serve the people the people do not exist to serve the government.Finally, they both argue agreed on the idea that the handicaps should be provided for. The differences as it relates to both theories are that firstly, Hayek is from an economic standpoint while Rawls is more rationale and social. The main difference between both is their attitude to equality as Rawls believed in egalitarian and social justice which are two concepts that Hayek rejected as Rawls believe that each individual has different skill, talents and understanding hence they cannot be equal. Hayek argues that Whether he is free or not does not depend on the range of c hoice but on whether he can expect to shape his course of action in accordance with his present intentions, or whether somebody else has power o to manipulate the conditions as to make him act according to that persons will rather than his own. (Hayek, 1960, p. 13) His view is that one should work in order to achieve what they want and with this point of view, Hayek argues that we may be free and yet miserable (Hayek, 1960, p. 18). In relation to Rawls definition of liberty, Hayek stresses that the true meaning of liberty is liberty under the rule of law, rather than unlimited liberty. It follows that freedom of economic activity means freedom under the law, not the absence of all government action (Hayek, 1960, p. 220). Also, Hayek equates social justice with distributive justice and dismisses both of them.He claims that liberalism aims at commutative justice and socialism at distributive justice and that distributive justice is irreconcilable with freedom in the choice of ones act ivities (Hayek, 1960, p. 440). In conclusion, I believe that Rawls theory of justice gives a better explanation as it is more accurate, I see this theory as the more applicable of the two to our society rather than that of Hayeks as his thought of freedom and liberty is too wide and far-fetched for our developing societies. His notion on inequality and giving credit to the countries which are ahead is quite debatable, Rawls however believes in equal distribution of wealth. Rawls believes that if each individual is given the same opportunity then society will be just.Hayek on the other hand believes that each individuals ability, skills and talent is different thus equality is impossible this is to some extent true but distribution of state goods should be just and fair. Each individual should have equal opportunity regardless of social class or position. For Hayek an individual should be free to do as he so desires. How applicable would this be to our society? He argues that the go vernments role should only to be implement sanctions for an individuals action if they so believe that this individual has infringed on anothers right. Hayek further makes vague arguments that that the government should recognize and protect tete-a-tete domain and in doing so and that private persons will be given rules as to what the government will do in different types of situation. Again- inequality protruding.

Euro Disney Intercultural Management

Disney tum faced lots of problems when launching Euro Disneyland in Paris. Most of them were caused by poor research of the European market, European peoples traits and habits. Question 1 What could have been the reason why guests were spending less and leaving sooner? Disney Corporation expected that people leave spend a lot of time and bullion in Euro Disney Park, however in reality they leave sooner and spend less money than was expected, and it causes large losses.The main reason of it can be explained by Geert Hofstede?s dimension astir(predicate) time-orientation which is very similar to Fons Trompenaar?s time-orientation dimension. As USA is considered to be trivial-term-oriented commonwealth, objet dart European countries are long-term-oriented people spend money differently. Europeans are likely to save money, save it for the future, not to spend big sums of money in short period, but US citizens can often spend a lot easily, and they are not likely to save money. Ad dition tout ensembley, Americans did not count with the importance of floriculture for the average European citizen.When visiting Paris, thousand years of history surrounds you. To the American, whose state is only a few hundred years old, the perception of spending your pass does not likely include sightseeing. But when a European visits Paris, they forget surely spend part of their holiday to discover one of the most famed and historical cities in Europe. Evidently they will spend less time in Disneyland, there is much else to see. Question 2 When reading the description of whatsoever of the critical aspects, what could have been the major problems and how could they be solved?From the beginning Disney Corporation applied universalistic approach. As Disneys union relation manager give tongue to we knew it would work because it had worked everywhere else. They wanted that everything in this new Disney Park in Paris was as it is in USA because they already had experience of applying the same system in Japan. And in Japan it was successful however it didnt work in Europe. Probably, it was not a good idea for European Disneyland, since French and all Europeans are different from U. S. people by mentality they have other habits, which effect European customers behavior.To solve this problem Fons Trompenaars dimension about universalistic and particularistic approach can be used. As it was necessary from Disney Corporation to apply particularistic approach instead of universalistic, so they could make research sooner launching the park. Disney Corporation made all the same settings as they open new Disneyland in U. S. , so French citizens considered it as Americans desire to create a piece of USA on their land. In order not to have this problem Disney Corporation could know just one most wide-spread stereotype about France that French are proud people.They are a nation that works hard to preserve their culture. Tourists often complain that they dont spe ak position with them even if they know the language. They actively discourage the Anglicization of the French language, the primary objective of LAcademie francaise is to preserve the language. So it was obvious that French people will not delicious freely Americanization of their holidays on their land. If Disney Corporation just showed respect and add a bit of French traditional, cultural features, then French people would not grok Disney as threat.Moreover, it could attract more customers exactly to Paris Euro Disneyland, as they can find here some special things which they were not able to find in other Disneyland. One more major reason of Disney Corporation failure in France can be explained by Fons Trompenaars Nature Orientation dimension. As U. S. A. is rather internal country the corporation could believe that everything depends on them, they thought they could force Europeans to spend money. It can be prove by Disneys community relations manager We are so good, nothing can stop us.Disney Corporation staff believed that if they create proper conditions, if they find, train good force play European customers will increase their expenditures and will stay late in the park. However, there are things which were not under Corporation control, for example, habit of Europeans to economize money is stronger than desire to spend more money in short-period. There is only one way to solve these kinds of problems, just to pay attention to them, be particular(prenominal) to consumers behavior, to be really customer-driven company.Question 3 What assumptions did Disney make about the French and Europeans (as guests and consumers)? How might Disney have had a more favorable initial experience in France? The Disney Corporation assumed that all Europeans, as a civilized West are very similar to Americans, that European customers will behave the same way as Americans. And even if they have different way of vacations, they assumed that Disney will be able to Americ anize Europeans vacation habits, what could entertain American families would satisfy European families as well.Disney Corporation thought that what they created in Paris is something immortal and has enough to keep families happily there for a week. But thanks to Europeans cultural features, it is a proficient bet that what American culture could offer would not be enough for them in many aspects. A civilization so deeply affected by their thousand year culture has different expectations. In addition chicken nuggets, hot dogs and fries might be somewhat standard fair in America but in Europe food is to be enjoyed and savored and one tends to linger over a meal as opposed to eat as quickly as possible.Disney could have had a more favorable initial experience had they have prepared some market research. They would have found that the country has very different working standards. France has a lot smaller Power Distance than that in USA, additionally they are proud people, they must h ave taken it really bad when everything was prescribed to the last detail and they secretly kept a close watch over their work. In order to operate such a large and prestigious theme park with thousands of employees and millions of visitors, its inevitable to find out the expectations by both labor and customer side.Strategies to transfer a successful caper concept from one culture to another An important lesson to be learned is to always take cultural features into consideration. It is the base of good cross-cultural relationships both inside and outside of the corporation. Our success greatly relies on our customers judgement and our employees loyalty, which depend on managing cultural differences. It can be done in several(prenominal) ways, but the first step is always to examine and evaluate the countrys cultural dimensions.Then we can move on to the next step If it suits the country of destination (= put on), leadership and most decisions can be defined by the country of ori gin (= murmur) (if the CoD has high PDI and UAI, Communitarianist and Specific, Achievement oriented), or CoO has to let local leadership make short- and medium-term decisions (low PDI, high Masculinity, Individualist and Emotional) Same market/customer approach can be applied if the CoDs cultural dimension indexes are about the same as the CoOs translation check must be done.There is no fleck in changing the image if our brand is already widely known and accepted, but needs a new type of approach if the CoOs cultural values dont match the CoDs values. Generally neighbour countries are likely to share the same values because they beginning from a mutual history. Product placement we have to find out about the CoDs Time Orientation and Nature Orientation in order to get a correct picture what do our employees and customers expect of our product?What alteration must be done to keep our employees and customers satisfied and our business profitable? The answer is simple if the CoD has high Long-Term Orientation and Nature Orientation, then we must plan our product to be economical, nature-friendly and our company will produce lower but more sustainable profit. If its indexes are low, we are facing a short but rapid profit attainment, and our products go out of fashion quickly.

Personal problems Essay

1. There are many things that contribute to the pessimism of short people. Some of the most prominent reasons why poor people believe that it is impossible to them to get out of poverty are high competition in labor markets, increased population (increased competition), lack of fitting jobs, lack of proper education and the perception that the government is not doing anything to help them. With these factors, behaviors of frustration, oppression and depression will most likely exist. If such behaviors cannot be contained, wherefore the cultivation of criminal mindset will be inevitable.2.The most vulnerable groups of people who will live in poverty are those who did not get along ground levelal education, those who are indirectly discriminated (due to race, age and social status) and those who have lost their faith with the government system of service. Possibly, these groups will not be able to approaching proper wellnesscare as well. They may not be able to afford even the ba sic health services, will not be cover by a health insurance and will be discriminated by corporate-established medical institutions. 3. Most people who live in poverty are raptorial when faced with personal problems.The poor commit crimes and they are high among their established segments in the society (Raffaele, 1968). However, in general, culture of poverty may be draw as helplessness, marginality, dependency and the perception of not belonging to the system. Culture clashes may happen between the poor and the health care delivery system when it comes to discernment the needs of the poor, non-adherence of the poor to the instructions of health personnel, intimidation on the part of the poor and possibly moral and ethical abuse committed by health personnel.4. To make the healthcare system more responsive to the poor, institutions should at least reach out to poor people even as a form of charity. They should initiate to help the poor because majority of them is socially power less. Moreover, health institutions should at least adhere to the laws and instructions mandated by the governed in terms of providing services to the poor. References Raffaele, J. A. (1968, may 9). Culture of poverty. Retrieved from http//www. nybooks. com/articles/archives/1968/may/09/culture-of-poverty-2/

Learning disabilities and special education

The Article on Learning Disability provided by Psychology Today details the non-homogeneous dimensions of education disability which thrusts on the following its definition, symptoms, causes, and treatment.To start off, learning disability refers to the childs barrier of translating to their brain what their visual and auditory senses produce. The symptoms of this disarray atomic number 18 categorized into the following language disorders, developmental tongue disorders, academic abilities disorders, and the other category which includes certain coordination disorders and learning handicaps not covered by the antecedent terms. in that respect is no single concrete explanation to why this disorder has developed but several(prenominal) theories accounted several factors such as errors in fetal brain development, genetic, use of alcohol and drugs, problems during pregnancy, and toxins in the childs environment. All of these factors contribute to ones understanding of the existenc e of such kind of disorder. Several step make been taken to minimize the adverse effects of this learning disorder such as practice of medicine and therapy (MedicineNet Inc, 2002).From a psychological standpoint, I appreciate the various theoretical offerings on the causes of learning disorder of this article. However, I believe that one of the important dichotomies in psychology was underrated by this work, i.e. the genetic vs. environment consideration. Although genetic factors complemented by the cellular basis of learning were considered, the societal environment of the child definitely plays a role here(predicate) as well. This article should have explored on this aspect too. Psychological studies, indeed, have shown that both genes and environment are major determinants of many major human processes (Smith et al., 2003). In addition, the socialization process goes with it too.Although this article is mainly about learning disabilities, the inclusion of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, though spurious for this matter, is a beneficial one. It was able to interpret how learning disability becomes an inevitable consequence of the presence of ADHD. Further, it goes to show several remedial processes that one may undergo to defeat the effects of ADHD and learning disorder such as medication, therapy, and educational options.The social impact of learning disorder was also mentioned in this article, which is a valuable aspect to look on. Children who receive from this disorder also suffer from frustration and low self-esteem. Indeed, this is serious matter. The good thing is that several laws have been passed in relation to this problem. First, children with this disorder are guaranteed of free public education which is intended to respond to their specific needs (MedicineNet Inc, 2002). This is supported by a particular stipulation under section 200.2 of Part 2 ordinances of NYS school codes which specifies that an arrangement of special ed ucation programs and services for a preschool student with a disability shall be made.This is a very important undertaking in relation to the development of children with learning disorder (New York nation Education Website, 2005). This regulation acknowledges the differences of childrens learning development and gives special focus and treatment on children with insufficiency on this. How valuable is this if you would ask me? Very much as it goes to show that the state moves toward the enrichment of every extremity of the society and further, this move minimizes the inequality set forth by this kind of disorder. This claim can is substantiated by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 which ensures equal job opportunity among people with learning disorder. This also orders employers to make reasonable accommodations to workers with this disorder (MedicineNet Inc, 2002).The importance of produceal and academic factors in the detection of learning disorder, which was highligh ted in the article, can also be seen on the Individual evaluation and reevaluation stipulation under 200.4 which states that developmental and educational information of the student essential be gathered plus a physical examination, observation of the student in the educational placement, and a social autobiography are all required (New York State Education Website, 2005).The need for social history underscores the importance of the childs social environment as a determinant of LD, which is concurrent with the previous point that I have raised. Second, the importance of parental role was accounted for in this stipulation. The information gathered from the parent is required in the evaluation of students with learning disability.In conclusion, learning disability is as crucial as how we perceive it to be. It affects an individuals normal functioning and worse, it affects the attainment of ones fullest potential. But on a lighter note, several measures have been formulated. Thus, th e partnership of parents, teachers, and the state is an important element in assisting children with learning disorder. Further, this partnership has the capacity to help these children in attaining their precious little dreams.REFERENCESNew York State Education Website (2005). Regulation of the Commissioner of EducationPart 200- Students with Disabilities. Retrieved October 27, 2006 fromSmith, E.E. et al. (2003). Atkinson & Hilgards Introduction to Psychology 14th edition.Australia Thomson & Wadsworth.

Alexander Mcqueen 2

Jane Wang Second draft research paper Jul 30h, 2012 Alexander McQueen Creativity is a very fallible thing, and Lee was very fragile, said the milliner Philip Treacy, who had worked with Alexander McQueen. McQueen, a British genius mood originator creating a large amount of provocative whole kit and caboodle in last two decades, committed a suicide be answer of the suicide of Isabella Blow and the loss of his m new(prenominal), who were two important supporters of his design (Wilson 89). The Spine Corset, the Skull Scarf, and the Bumster skirt ar the representative of the collections of his provocative and dark romantic beauty.McQueen unceasingly indicated the dark and deathly elements in his collections, critiqued inanity of the fashion world and expressed his personal life reflections in fashion design. He was the chief designer of Givenchy betwixt 1996 and 2001 and earned British Designer of the Year awards four times(1996,1997,2001 and 2003) (Wilson 89). In hurt of McQueen s intricate accommodate and provocative design styles, McQueen was signifi heaptly influenced by Gilbert Adrian, and Elsa Schiapargonlli in the aesthetic aspect Charles F expirationerick value had bear upon influences on McQueens.Adrian and Schiaparelli were fashion designers prevalent around 1930s and 19040s and Worth was popular in in earlyish nineteenth century. In McQueens collections, he applies Gothic Romance with minute black and complex enlace ornamentations. His collections focus on the expression of his feelings and moods it can be scary, disgusting, and romantic. McQueen is equivalent a poet who uses c smokestackhing to write his poetry. His runways can always make viewers specify, hardly not and enjoy the visual elements of c allothes. Suzy Menkes says of McQueens works, yucky images?But its a reflection of our nasty world. And a powerful fashion designer always ingests the ether of modern times. (Bolton 12). To me, McQueens runway shows are more like drama to convey McQueens savage and animate beingist beauty and death philosophy for fashion. In McQueens work, he indicates orientalism, classicism and English eccentrics, but also shows numerous clues for the future of fashion. As Eric Wilson said in 2010, As designers have done for centuries, Mr. McQueen neutered the shape of the body using corsetry and anatomically corrects breastplates as a recurring motif.More recently, his work took on progressively futuristic tones, with designs that combined soft draping with molding, or ones in which a dress seemed to morph into a coat. At his last show, in October, the models wore platform shoes that looked like the hulls of ships. (Wilson 1). According to the interview with Andrew Bolton, reservoir of Alexander McQueen shell Beauty, Bolton offers clues of designers affecting McQueens aesthetic. Bolton says, In terms of tailoring, McQueen was most influenced by designers whose technical acumen mirror his own, designers such as Gilbert Ad rian and Elsa Schiaparelli. (Interview 1). After I saw Schiaparelli fashion exhibition, I found galore(postnominal) direct Schiaparelli design concepts influences on Alexander McQueens contemporary collections. Schiaparelli invented culottes, wrapped turbans, Arab breeches, embroidered shirts, pompom-brimmed hats, and barbaric belts ( Smith 1). I think her Skeleton, Lobster, and Tear Dresses have the most obvious influences on McQueens fashion design, where he also utilizations a lot of animal elements to express a kind of savage and original beauty.As McQueen himself explains, Nature was the greatest, or at least(prenominal) the most enduring, influence upon me. Everything I do is connected to nature in one way or another Nature was also a central theme, if not the central theme, of romanticism. (Bolton 15). Take two standardised fashion designs from Schiaparelli and McQueen, The Skeleton Dress (Fig 1) and Spine Corset (Fig 2). Obviously, in both works, two artists utilize a b ackbone as a key element in their works. They both look scary and savage.In Schiaparellis work, she employs silk to gain a backbone effect, while McQueen changes literal to a kind of metal, which strengthen the bones lines and shock effect. Schiaparelli just uses pure black in this collection. Similarly, McQueen just applies the metals original color in his design, which is quite concise. ilk Schiaparelli, McQueen also tightens the cannon to indicate the silhouette of the body. Unlike Elsas slight decoration of the spine, McQueen extends the human spine to a kind of animal spine with the coccyx.Therefore, it is a good example to exemplify the Schiaparellis design influences on McQueens. Because of Boltons mention of McQueens tailoring influence from Gilbert Adrian, let us scram a look at their preceding(prenominal) works. Like Adrians womens suit, McQueens womens suit always has an exaggerated silhouette and the s pattern is obvious. McQueen also uses a lot of broad shoulders in suits puffed sleeves were created by Adrian, which was popular in 1930s and 40s American fashion ( History). The gigantic puff-sleeve dress style is continued in McQueens dress (Fig 4).Likewise, Adrians dress A strain of the air hostess Gown contains many puffed sleeves. They both create dresses with huge dress trains to express dresses falling and floating. Due to the similarity mingled with two designers fashion style, I chose one work from Adrian and one from McQueen to make a specific comparison. If we take a look at Adrians film custom dressing (Fig 3) A version of the Hostess Gown compared with McQueen dress (Fig 4) from Autumn/winter 201011, both artists modern style and innovative silhouettes come through.In Adrians work, he seems to employ silk to indicate a sand of freedom and flow. Similarly, McQueen uses translucent and light material to show the dancing-like movement of the dress. Like Adrian, McQueen also provides three perspectives of the dress, which looks lik e a dancing and swirling performer. Likewise, the dress hem of McQueens was tailored freely and asymmetrically. Adrian just slightly tightens up the waist in this work, whereas the bodice is designed as an extremely tight style by McQueen.Unlike Adrians concise decoration of flowers on the upper left shoulder of the dress, McQueen transforms patterns onto materials as decoration on the get along of the dress and added small puff-sleeve on the shoulder part. Both works give the viewer a sense of flowing movement nevertheless, McQueen accentuates the curved bodylines of the dress, which is imbued with a sense of elegance of a dancer and replaced the opaque material Adrian uses to a translucent material, which looks like the body of flowers to add more romantic feelings.McQueen not only divided similar tailoring ideas with other designers, but also the intricate and complex processes of dressmaking. Bolton also mentions, In terms of dressmaking, he looked to designers who shared his sense of theatricality and his bed of exaggerated silhouettes, such as Charles Frederick Worth, Christian Dior, and Charles James. (Interview 1). Worth was an English fashion designer of the 19th century, and also considered as the Father of Haute couture, which is make for specific guest with high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn intricate decorations.If we juxtapose both McQueen and Worths dressmaking works, they both are finished by the most experienced tailoring skills and hand-executed techniques. Especially, McQueens dressmaking reflects an aristocrtic style in palace of Middle 19th century, where the dresses had intricate Alencon lace decorations, expensive silk materials, bustles, tightened waists, and an embellished neckline. For example, looking at one of Worths evening dresses(fig 5), there are many obvious elements shared with a coat of dress from McQueens autumn/winter 2008 collections (fig 6).Both works have loose and puffed dress trains. In Worths work, he emplo ys corduroy in deep red color, which creates a solemn and elitist effect. Similarly, McQueen applies silk to red to express a figure of Queen. Like Worth, McQueen also cuts the shoulder parts of the dress with a puffed effect. However, McQueen repeats this effect in the neck part and strengthens it in the train of the dress. In terms of ornamentation, in Worths dress, there are Alencon lace patterns in the upper back, while McQueen utilizes intricate metals and diamonds as head decorations, which looked like a Queens crown.Indeed, the tailoring similarities between both designers are evident. However, McQueen updates the puffed sleeves with tightened wristbands to emphasize the 19th century aristocratic style. Without doubt, Alexander McQueen is a prolific and experienced fashion designer and his collections are multi-faced and cause viewers to think deeply. Even though he shared many similar aesthetics with other fashion designers, he recombined each tiny element he liked and produ ced novel, updated, McQueens work. As Bolton describes McQueen like a demonic Edward Scissor hands (Interview 1).Yes, I feel that McQueen is a devout Scissor hand. Although he received acrimonious critics of his provocative style, like the controversial Highland Rape, autumn/winter 199596, which even made viewers feel uncomfortable with the collections, he insisted on his own dark and death romance. Do you hark back the character Helena in A Midsummer Nights Dream? Helena believes that love has the power to transform something ugly into something beautiful because love is propelled by subjective perceptions of the individual, not by documental assessments of appearance. (Bolton 12) I think this idea is central of McQueens collections, which breaks the viewers boundary between ugliness and beauty. His aesthetic purpose is to force viewers look at the ugliness, examine the dark part of their inward beings and think about the savagery of nature. In addition, he updated Worth, Shiap arelli and Adrians designs with modern styles, novel textile, complex hand-making processes, which follow up the contemporary fashion society. . pic (Fig 1) Elsa Schiaparelli.The Skeleton Dress. France. 1938. Silk crepe pic (Fig 2) Alexander McQueen. Spine Corset. Untitled. Spring/summer. 1998 pic (Fig 3) Gilbert Adrian, A version of the Hostess Gown , 1930s and 40s pic (Fig 4) Alexander McQueen (British, 19692010). Dress. Autumn/winter 201011. pic (Fig 5) Charles Frederick Worth (French, Bourne 18251895 Paris). Evening Dress. 1893-95 pic (Fig 6) Alexander McQueen. Untitled. Autumn/winter. 2008 full treatment Cited Bolton, Andrew and Koda Harold.Savage Beauty. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. Print. History Wired Gilbert Adrian. National Museum of American History. Jan 2010. Web. 19 Jul 2012. Interview with Andrew Bolton, author of Alexander McQueen Savage Beauty. Yale University Press. 5 May. 2011. Web. 19 Jul. 2012. Smith, Roberta. DESIGN REVIEW For a Body that cip her Ever Had. NY The New York Times. Dec 7, 2001. Print. Wilson, Eric and Horyn, Cathy. Alexander McQueen, Designer, Is Dead at 40. New York Times Feb 2010 89. Web.

A Rainy Day

It was raining. I and get under ones skin were coming back from our forest campsite as the plan was all washed away in the rain water. It was around 10 at night. We both were all alone. The rain got heavier, the wipers of the car faster. The streets were empty. Our car fleeted done the logged water and the wheels splashed the water all around the bushes nearby. Everything was quiet. I tried to turn the radio on but the signal was not caught in the dense forest. Mom checked the mobile. Not only the outpouring was low but there was no coverage.Dad was out of station. He was not at photographic plate from a month or more. Mom drove really fast. She was worried about old nanna at home. Suddenly the predict rang. It was an unknown number. I picked up the phone. Hello. Hello Are you there? The phone was cut. We didnt wonder who was there. We pattern that the phone must be cut because of low coverage. It was ignored. We headed on. After a mile or two, amidst the foggy ambiance we sa w a diminished structure. It was not clear. I thought it was just a foggy illustration.As the car got a bit near, it seemed to be an injured man. As fast as a jaguar, the car had lost its control. Mom couldnt apply brakes. It looked as if an chance event is going to take place. The car stopped making a dreadful noise. We looked back there was no one. Mom got off the car. Looked around. What was it? Was it a zombie? Or really a man? We were truly scared. My amount of money was beating like anything. We reached home-safe and sound. What happened that night nobody knows. We didnt share this incident with anyone. It was forgotten and considered only a rainy day.

Archetypes in High School Movies Essay

David Denby explains the typical high enlighten movies in detail in his article called High-School Confidential Notes in Teen Movies. According to Denby, thither argon lead typesetters case archetypes in high school movies the popular girl, the jock, and the alien. For some reason these movies usually issue place around the time of prom, where miss popular expects to be crowned for her? popularity. Denby described the first character type, the popular girl, as usually a tall slender blonde cheerleader that has two or three friends identical to her.Together these girls ruled the school, not necessarily because eachone liked them, alone because everyone was afraid of them. Of course, this girl expects to be to be voted most popular by her class at prom. Of course, the popular girl has a boyfriend, who matchs in the jock archetype. He is head of the football team, a big time prankster, quiet in class, but king of the halls and cafeteria. Sometimes, as one of his pranks or bets, h e may ask an outsider to the prom for dismay purposes.The outsider the jock asks to prom is the third character Denby explains in this sentence The kids who cannot be the beautiful ones, or make out with them, or avoid being insulted by them-these atomic number 18 the heroes of the teen movies, the third in the trio of character types. She is the girl with intellectual or artistic ability, always dropping her books, wearing out-of-date clothes, silent or stuttering in front of severe-looking boys, and cannot hide her desire to be accepted. Now if the outsider was a male, the jock obviously wouldnt be asking him out to prom, so the storyline would form to be a bit different.Now, not every high-school movie has these two characters, but they are normal and well-known in such movies. Also, not every jock in a movie is as arrogant as described they can be played as sweet and innocent, but these characters are not nearly as familiar as the ones Denby describes. Now compute about t he writers and directors of these movies. Do you think they are interested in the because it sells factor, or do you think their high school status is tangled? Denby talks about how Hollywood writers and producers much than likely fell in the outsiders category. maybe this is why often the stories twist in high-school movies. The outsiders become the heroes, join the system, and better it. The system appears to be more like the real world, where appearance doesnt beat achievement. Movies like Shes all that, and Never Been Kissed fit Denbys American high-school movie character archetypes perfectly. On the other hand, movies that contradict Denbys archetypes include Clueless, Romy and Michelles High School Reunion, and Election. In Clueless, the rich blonde is actually a good person with good qualities.Romy and Michelles High School Reunion might even be criticizing the teen-movie genre altogether. In Election, a middle-class overachieving girl works all the time to be on top, but s till feels excluded, which breaks every cliche in the book. Denby analyzed three specific archetype characters for high-school movies, but also found that there are some that break the mold. The commonly known archetypes writers and producers often use are the popular girl, the jock, and the outsider. They themselves in all likelihood find interest making high-school movies because they were also stuc.

High School and College Life

There are some students who attended college an it changed them both physically and mentally. I am one of those students. Since I began college it started to change me into a better(p) person on many occasions. I clear learned to become more responsible, and get the live done. In addition I have to change my attitude or else I will decease my courses for example my classmate start skipping classes and misbehaves with the professor, which lead him to fail the course.Moving from high school to college is a huge rate in everyones liveliness. If you dont change your lifestyle for the better reason past you might not pip your goal in college. Once you adjoin college its the time that you start being an adult. The college life has changed me for the better. I am much more responsible in many different ways. I had to change my reading habits, or, should I say, I had to get engaged in study habits. In high school I never studied because everything came so easy to me and I could ju st do the work, even end up with passing grades.When I mooted college I tried to do the same thing and it didnt work. I had to start analyze on a daily basis and it was hard for a student like me to change from not doing any work to studying every night and also on the weekends. I wasnt used to doing it at the beginning, but I had to fare it a habit or I was not going to reach my goal. Since I began attending college it make me more responsible to make the right decisions. In college you have to make decisions that are very hard.Pressure comes in hard when you get to college for example you could have a test that you engage to study for and in that respect is a party that you want to go to. If you do go to the party then you will fail the test because you did not have any time to study. This is just one example, and there are many more. Another reason that college is a big step is because you are on your own, and you dont have anybody to tell you what to do. Before, in middle a nd high, school parents wake you up to go to school, but when you are in ollege you get up early in the morning to go to class by yourself. College is a life-changing do it for me. I never felt stress in my entire life as I tonus as now in college . College is a big source of stress for a variety of reasons, and short(p) planning often leads to crisis situations. The stress of everyday life in college shows itself in different ways the expectations of do an A in every course, the fear of doing poorly on tests, and getting worried or noisome over the work.However, it made me realize that you have to go through stress in order to reach you goal because stress is a way of living. College is the most important decision I ever made in my life. It made me realize that without education you wont be successful. Since I began attending college, it showed me that how life is fast and short you have to be something or else you will feel miserable. The courses in the college are quite an stressful for every student, but this is to make us focus and have motive in our work. go to college also showed me that reality is not like a fairy tale.

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

world-wide Law - Essay ExampleAs to ancient Rome, it was an empire that absorbed many an(prenominal) of the western separate nations. When the empire fell, however, many of the rules and laws it imposed in commerce and in other areas also faded away. Nevertheless, many of the rules and principles of international law took root in the ancient Greco-Roman systems although such rules and principles were often employed as rules of religion and laws for international relations of one state with foreign states forming part of its municipal law. A. superannuated Greece Although the Greeks did not foster close relations with its neighbors, it had to deal with its components, the city-states, which are independent from each other. Each of the city-states (or polis) comprising Greece had their respective economic and political systems. Each was considered a religious community and the rules and laws that characterized their relationships were called religious obligations and not laws (Bed erman 200133) Some of these were the avoidance of contend if unavoidable, should be commenced only through a declaration heralds or messengers not to be harmed fallen soldiers in battles entitled to burial in the event of a citys capture, refugees in temples to be spared prisoners of struggle cannot be killed, but only ransomed, enslaved or exchanged priests and seers also to be spared (Kaczorowska 20108). Moreover, it was Greece that first developed a highly sophisticated system of arbitration and proxeny (state hospitality), which is the basis of diplomatic immunity (Kaczorowska 20102). Associations and federations were also periodically make among city-states for the purpose of establishing non-interference agreements, full citizenship grants, offensive and defensive alliances or for religious reasons. With respect to other states, however, ancient Greece was in a perpetual state of war due to its experience in the Persian Wars in 500-479 BCE, when Persia invaded and captured its colonies (Bederman 36-37). B. Ancient Rome Rome, which is considered the most influential of all ancient civilizations, entered into treaties with neighboring Latin states, but once it started to smash its empire it employed the principles of jus fetiale and jus gentium in heading relations with foreign states. Jus fetiale are religious laws that governed wars. Wars must be underpinned by a reason, otherwise they are unjust. Jus gentium or the law of tribe, on the other hand, governed Romes conduct with non-Romans and the conduct of Roman citizens with non-Roman citizens. This body of laws was made up of norms and concepts that were believed to be common and acceptable to both Romans and non-Romans. It to begin with regulated the relations between private individuals and was first crafted by the praetor peregrinus or special magistrate. Jus gentium has greatly influenced the European legal systems and public international law (Kaczorowska 20103). In addition, the doctrine of natural law, believed to have anteceded sympathetic rights, was first created by the Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece and was subsequently adopted by the Romans. This doctrine is underpinned by the humankind of right reason as something inherent in man and nature and therefore, capable of being ascertained (Kaczorowska 20109). C. Conclusion Greco-Roman Influence on the UN Charter The avoidance of war as well as the principle of just war, which first appeared in ancient Greece as religious obligations and in ancient

Discuss the relevance of anthropological concepts, like 'spheres of Essay

Discuss the relevance of anthropological sentiments, like spheres of put back - Essay ExampleLastly, the essay impart end with a conclusion, which sums up all the arguments and ideas discussed in the paper. Introduction Spheres of exchange refer to an anthropological concept, which entails the synopsis of restrictions in trade and societies that share communal resources. In discussing spheres of exchange, the main focus is on whether principles of the market and economical theories can be considered as true in economies of all societies (Hart & Ortiz 1). This concept is based on the surmisal that maximization of profit is what motivates all exchanges. All people contribute the sole motive to accumulate coarse profits when they engage in exchange. Therefore, the concept seeks to examine the economics behind any form of exchange in the society (Hart & Ortiz 1). Anthropologists examine this concept under economic anthropology. Based on this, the concept seeks to discriminate an d analyze consumption, production, and exchange in societies not based in the west. In studying spheres of exchange, economic anthropologists have had two betokens. One of the aims includes establishing economic activities based on the social and cultural context. The second aim entails perceptiveness the rationality behind the systems of exchange, which seem irrational and unconventional (Hart & Ortiz 1). The anthropologists who examine spheres of exchange include Laura and Paul Bohannan they studied this concept in their field work, in Nigeria. They provided three types of spheres the subsistence sphere, wealth, and marriageable female relatives. The subsistence sphere consisted of food, such as grains, yams, vegetables, among others. Wealth comprised cattle, slaves, white cloth, and brass rods (Hart & Ortiz 3). Economic anthropologists Karl Polyani, Marcel Mauss, and Karl Marx have had an impact in the explanations of spheres of exchange. Polyani made a significant contributio n through his comparison of economic institutions. His ideas outlined in Trade and Market in the Early Empires represent his beliefs. He argued that the economy of capitalistic societies is guided by values and not aim for profit (Hart & Ortiz 3). In his works, known as the gift, Mauss examines the exchange of gifts in various societies. He holds that gifts have a reciprocal nature since the receiver has an obligation to pay back what he or she got from the giver. Karl Marx made contributions in the field of anthropology through his dialectics and his arguments of social class. Neoliberal Globalization Neoliberal globalization entails efforts to remove barriers to trade and privatization of service as well as resources. The main objective of neoliberal globalization of the economy is to leave prices at the control of market forces. This tends to benefit a few in the society, while the majority suffers due to change magnitude prices and unfavorable conditions in the market. Neo-libe ralism and globalization develops within certain circumstances, which tend to be social and historical. Neo-liberalists argue that this concept is a law of nature. Anthropologists take globalization to mean the escalation in flows and improvement, in connections of people, values, goods, ideas, symbols, and knowlight-emitting diodege (Hart & Ortiz 1). In anthropology, the shape entails descriptions on how the market has prevailed. As a result, the economy became less dependent on political, social, and cultural forces. This has led to profound dominance of the market in